Java : DriverManager (JDBC) con ejemplos

DriverManager (Java SE 21 & JDK 21) en Java con ejemplos.
Encontrará ejemplos de código en la mayoría de los métodos de DriverManager.

Nota :

Este artículo puede utilizar software de traducción para su comodidad. Consulte también la versión original en inglés.

Summary

El servicio básico para gestionar un conjunto de controladores JDBC. (Traducción automática)

Class diagram

Note :

The code examples in this page use Apache Derby as the JDBC driver. Apache Derby was once included in older JDKs, but is not included in the latest JDK.

DriverManager.drivers().forEach(driver -> {
    System.out.println("-- driver --");
    System.out.println("package : " + driver.getClass().getPackage().getName());
    System.out.println("major version : " + driver.getMajorVersion());
    System.out.println("minor version : " + driver.getMinorVersion());
});

// Result
// ↓
//-- driver --
//package : org.apache.derby.iapi.jdbc
//major version : 10
//minor version : 17

record Product(String name, int stock) {
}

final var products = List.of(
        new Product("Orange", 10),
        new Product("Banana", 20),
        new Product("Apple", 30)
);

final var url = "jdbc:derby:memory:db;create=true";
try (final var connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url)) {

    System.out.println("-- create table --");
    try (final var statement = connection.createStatement()) {
        final var ret = statement.executeUpdate("""
                CREATE TABLE products (
                    name VARCHAR(20),
                    stock INTEGER
                )
                """);
        System.out.println("ret = " + ret);
    }

    System.out.println("-- insert --");
    try (final var statement = connection.prepareStatement("""
            INSERT INTO products VALUES( ?, ? )
            """)) {
        for (final var product : products) {
            statement.setString(1, product.name());
            statement.setInt(2, product.stock());
            final var ret = statement.executeUpdate();
            System.out.println("ret = " + ret);
        }
    }

    System.out.println("-- select --");
    try (final var statement = connection.createStatement()) {
        final var result = statement.executeQuery("""
                SELECT * FROM products
                """);
        while (result.next()) {
            final var name = result.getString("name");
            final var stock = result.getInt("stock");

            System.out.println(name + " : " + stock);
        }
    }

    // Result
    // ↓
    //-- create table --
    //ret = 0
    //-- insert --
    //ret = 1
    //ret = 1
    //ret = 1
    //-- select --
    //Orange : 10
    //Banana : 20
    //Apple : 30
}

Methods

static void deregisterDriver (Driver driver)

Elimina el controlador especificado de la lista de controladores registrados de DriverManager. (Traducción automática)

final var url = "jdbc:derby:";
final var derby = DriverManager.getDriver(url);

// package org.apache.derby.iapi.jdbc
System.out.println(derby.getClass().getPackage());

DriverManager.deregisterDriver(derby);

System.out.println("-- drivers --");
DriverManager.drivers().forEach(driver -> {
    System.out.println("package : " + driver.getClass().getPackage().getName());
});
System.out.println("-- end --");

// Result
// ↓
//-- drivers --
//-- end --

DriverManager.registerDriver(derby);

System.out.println("-- drivers --");
DriverManager.drivers().forEach(driver -> {
    System.out.println("package : " + driver.getClass().getPackage().getName());
});
System.out.println("-- end --");

// Result
// ↓
//-- drivers --
//package : org.apache.derby.iapi.jdbc
//-- end --

static Stream<Driver> drivers ()

Recupera una secuencia con todos los controladores JDBC actualmente cargados a los que tiene acceso la persona que llama actualmente. (Traducción automática)

DriverManager.drivers().forEach(driver -> {
    System.out.println("-- driver --");
    System.out.println("package : " + driver.getClass().getPackage().getName());
    System.out.println("major version : " + driver.getMajorVersion());
    System.out.println("minor version : " + driver.getMinorVersion());
});

// Result
// ↓
//-- driver --
//package : org.apache.derby.iapi.jdbc
//major version : 10
//minor version : 17

static Connection getConnection (String url)

Intenta establecer una conexión a la URL de la base de datos proporcionada. (Traducción automática)

record Product(String name, int stock) {
}

final var products = List.of(
        new Product("Orange", 10),
        new Product("Banana", 20),
        new Product("Apple", 30)
);

final var url = "jdbc:derby:memory:db;create=true";
try (final var connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url)) {

    System.out.println("-- create table --");
    try (final var statement = connection.createStatement()) {
        final var ret = statement.executeUpdate("""
                CREATE TABLE products (
                    name VARCHAR(20),
                    stock INTEGER
                )
                """);
        System.out.println("ret = " + ret);
    }

    System.out.println("-- insert --");
    try (final var statement = connection.prepareStatement("""
            INSERT INTO products VALUES( ?, ? )
            """)) {
        for (final var product : products) {
            statement.setString(1, product.name());
            statement.setInt(2, product.stock());
            final var ret = statement.executeUpdate();
            System.out.println("ret = " + ret);
        }
    }

    System.out.println("-- select --");
    try (final var statement = connection.createStatement()) {
        final var result = statement.executeQuery("""
                SELECT * FROM products
                """);
        while (result.next()) {
            final var name = result.getString("name");
            final var stock = result.getInt("stock");

            System.out.println(name + " : " + stock);
        }
    }

    // Result
    // ↓
    //-- create table --
    //ret = 0
    //-- insert --
    //ret = 1
    //ret = 1
    //ret = 1
    //-- select --
    //Orange : 10
    //Banana : 20
    //Apple : 30
}

static Connection getConnection (String url, String user, String password)

Intenta establecer una conexión a la URL de la base de datos proporcionada. (Traducción automática)

final var protocol = "jdbc:derby:";
final var path = Path.of("R:", "java-work", "db");
final var url = protocol + path + ";create=true";
System.out.println(url); // jdbc:derby:R:\java-work\db;create=true

try (final var connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url + ";user=AAA")) {
    try (final var statement = connection.prepareCall("""
            CALL SYSCS_UTIL.SYSCS_CREATE_USER(?, ?)
            """)) {
        statement.setString(1, "AAA"); // user
        statement.setString(2, "XYZ"); // password
        statement.execute();
    }
}

System.out.println("-- shutdown --");
try {
    DriverManager.getConnection(url + ";shutdown=true");
} catch (SQLException e) {
    System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}

// Result
// ↓
//-- shutdown --
//Database 'R:\java-work\db' shutdown.

System.out.println("-- invalid password --");
try (final var connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, "AAA", "123")) {
    System.out.println("Connected!");
} catch (SQLException e) {
    System.out.println("SQLException! : " + e.getMessage());
}

// Result
// ↓
//-- invalid password --
//SQLException! : Connection authentication failure occurred.
// Reason: Invalid authentication..

System.out.println("-- valid password --");
try (final var connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, "AAA", "XYZ")) {
    System.out.println("Connected!");
} catch (SQLException e) {
    System.out.println("SQLException! : " + e.getMessage());
}

// Result
// ↓
//-- valid password --
//Connected!

static Connection getConnection (String url, Properties info)

Intenta establecer una conexión a la URL de la base de datos proporcionada. (Traducción automática)

final var url = "jdbc:derby:memory:db";

try (final var connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url)) {
    System.out.println("Connected!");
} catch (SQLException e) {
    System.out.println("SQLException! : " + e.getMessage());
}

// Result
// ↓
//SQLException! : Database 'memory:db' not found.

final var info = new Properties();
info.setProperty("create", "true");

try (final var connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, info)) {
    System.out.println("Connected!");
} catch (SQLException e) {
    System.out.println("SQLException! : " + e.getMessage());
}

// Result
// ↓
//Connected!

static Driver getDriver (String url)

Intenta localizar un controlador que comprenda la URL proporcionada. (Traducción automática)

final var url = "jdbc:derby:";
final var driver = DriverManager.getDriver(url);

System.out.println("package : " + driver.getClass().getPackage().getName());
System.out.println("major version : " + driver.getMajorVersion());
System.out.println("minor version : " + driver.getMinorVersion());

// Result
// ↓
//package : org.apache.derby.iapi.jdbc
//major version : 10
//minor version : 17

static Enumeration<Driver> getDrivers ()

Recupera una enumeración con todos los controladores JDBC actualmente cargados a los que tiene acceso la persona que llama actualmente. (Traducción automática)

final var drivers = DriverManager.getDrivers();
while (drivers.hasMoreElements()) {
    final var driver = drivers.nextElement();

    System.out.println("-- driver --");
    System.out.println("package : " + driver.getClass().getPackage().getName());
    System.out.println("major version : " + driver.getMajorVersion());
    System.out.println("minor version : " + driver.getMinorVersion());
}

// Result
// ↓
//-- driver --
//package : org.apache.derby.iapi.jdbc
//major version : 10
//minor version : 17

static int getLoginTimeout ()

Obtiene el tiempo máximo en segundos que un controlador puede esperar al intentar iniciar sesión en una base de datos. (Traducción automática)

final var ret1 = DriverManager.getLoginTimeout();
System.out.println(ret1); // 0

DriverManager.setLoginTimeout(60);

final var ret2 = DriverManager.getLoginTimeout();
System.out.println(ret2); // 60

static PrintStream getLogStream ()

Obsoleto. Utilice getLogWriter (Traducción automática)

Deprecated.

static PrintWriter getLogWriter ()

Recupera el escritor de registros. (Traducción automática)

try (final var writer = new PrintWriter(new StringWriter())) {

    final var ret1 = DriverManager.getLogWriter();
    System.out.println(ret1); // null

    DriverManager.setLogWriter(writer);

    final var ret2 = DriverManager.getLogWriter();
    System.out.println(ret2 == writer); // true
}

static void println (String message)

Imprime un mensaje en el flujo de registro JDBC actual. (Traducción automática)

final var sw = new StringWriter();
try (final var writer = new PrintWriter(sw)) {

    DriverManager.setLogWriter(writer);

    final var driver = DriverManager.getDriver("jdbc:derby:");

    DriverManager.println("");
    DriverManager.println("** println **");
    DriverManager.println("  package : " + driver.getClass().getPackage().getName());
}

System.out.println("-- writer --");
System.out.print(sw);

// Result
// ↓
//-- writer --
//DriverManager.getDriver("jdbc:derby:")
//registerDriver: org.apache.derby.iapi.jdbc.AutoloadedDriver@22f59fa
//DriverManager.initialize: jdbc.drivers = null
//JDBC DriverManager initialized
//getDriver returning org.apache.derby.iapi.jdbc.AutoloadedDriver
//
//** println **
//  package : org.apache.derby.iapi.jdbc

static void registerDriver (Driver driver)

Registra el controlador dado con DriverManager. (Traducción automática)

final var url = "jdbc:derby:";
final var derby = DriverManager.getDriver(url);

// package org.apache.derby.iapi.jdbc
System.out.println(derby.getClass().getPackage());

DriverManager.deregisterDriver(derby);

System.out.println("-- drivers --");
DriverManager.drivers().forEach(driver -> {
    System.out.println("package : " + driver.getClass().getPackage().getName());
});
System.out.println("-- end --");

// Result
// ↓
//-- drivers --
//-- end --

DriverManager.registerDriver(derby);

System.out.println("-- drivers --");
DriverManager.drivers().forEach(driver -> {
    System.out.println("package : " + driver.getClass().getPackage().getName());
});
System.out.println("-- end --");

// Result
// ↓
//-- drivers --
//package : org.apache.derby.iapi.jdbc
//-- end --

static void registerDriver (Driver driver, DriverAction da)

Registra el controlador dado con DriverManager. (Traducción automática)

final var url = "jdbc:derby:";
final var derby = DriverManager.getDriver(url);

// package org.apache.derby.iapi.jdbc
System.out.println(derby.getClass().getPackage());

DriverManager.deregisterDriver(derby);

System.out.println("-- registerDriver --");
DriverManager.registerDriver(derby, () -> {
    System.out.println("Deregister!");
});

System.out.println("-- deregisterDriver --");
DriverManager.deregisterDriver(derby);

// Result
// ↓
//-- registerDriver --
//-- deregisterDriver --
//Deregister!

static void setLoginTimeout (int seconds)

Establece el tiempo máximo en segundos que esperará un conductor mientras intenta conectarse a una base de datos una vez que se ha identificado al conductor. (Traducción automática)

final var ret1 = DriverManager.getLoginTimeout();
System.out.println(ret1); // 0

DriverManager.setLoginTimeout(60);

final var ret2 = DriverManager.getLoginTimeout();
System.out.println(ret2); // 60

static void setLogStream (PrintStream out)

Obsoleto. Utilice setLogWriter (Traducción automática)

Deprecated.

static void setLogWriter (PrintWriter out)

Establece el objeto PrintWriter de registro/rastreo que utilizan DriverManager y todos los controladores. (Traducción automática)

final var sw = new StringWriter();
try (final var writer = new PrintWriter(sw)) {

    DriverManager.setLogWriter(writer);

    final var driver = DriverManager.getDriver("jdbc:derby:");

    DriverManager.println("");
    DriverManager.println("** println **");
    DriverManager.println("  package : " + driver.getClass().getPackage().getName());
}

System.out.println("-- writer --");
System.out.print(sw);

// Result
// ↓
//-- writer --
//DriverManager.getDriver("jdbc:derby:")
//registerDriver: org.apache.derby.iapi.jdbc.AutoloadedDriver@22f59fa
//DriverManager.initialize: jdbc.drivers = null
//JDBC DriverManager initialized
//getDriver returning org.apache.derby.iapi.jdbc.AutoloadedDriver
//
//** println **
//  package : org.apache.derby.iapi.jdbc

Ejemplos de API
- Driver
- SQLException

Java : DriverManager (JDBC) con ejemplos

Summary

Methods

static void deregisterDriver (Driver driver)

static Stream<Driver> drivers ()

static Connection getConnection (String url)

static Connection getConnection (String url, String user, String password)

static Connection getConnection (String url, Properties info)

static Driver getDriver (String url)

static Enumeration<Driver> getDrivers ()

static int getLoginTimeout ()

static PrintStream getLogStream ()

static PrintWriter getLogWriter ()

static void println (String message)

static void registerDriver (Driver driver)

static void registerDriver (Driver driver, DriverAction da)

static void setLoginTimeout (int seconds)

static void setLogStream (PrintStream out)

static void setLogWriter (PrintWriter out)

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