Java : Files with Examples
Last Modified : January 13, 2024 Published : April 26, 2022
Files (Java SE 17 & JDK 17) API Examples.
You will find code examples on most Files methods.
Summary
This class consists exclusively of static methods that operate on files, directories, or other types of files.
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
System.out.println(Files.notExists(path)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//<No files / directories>
Files.writeString(path, "abcd");
System.out.println(Files.exists(path)); // true
System.out.println(Files.readString(path)); // abcd
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//...
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//-a--- 2022/04/21 13:48 4 aaa.txt
Files.delete(path);
System.out.println(Files.notExists(path)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//<No files / directories>
Annotation :
- Most examples run on Windows 10.
- Some examples for POSIX run on Linux.
Methods
static long copy (InputStream in, Path target, CopyOption... options)
Copies all bytes from an input stream to a file.
final var source = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "source.txt");
System.out.println(source); // D:\java-work\source.txt
final var target = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "target.txt");
System.out.println(target); // D:\java-work\target.txt
Files.writeString(source, "abcd");
System.out.println(Files.exists(source)); // true
System.out.println(Files.exists(target)); // false
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//source.txt
try (final var in = Files.newInputStream(source)) {
final var ret = Files.copy(in, target);
System.out.println(ret); // 4
}
final var str = Files.readString(target);
System.out.println(str); // abcd
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//source.txt
//target.txt
final var url = new URL("https://example.com");
System.out.println(url); // https://example.com
final var target = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "target.txt");
System.out.println(target); // D:\java-work\target.txt
System.out.println(Files.notExists(target)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//<No files / directories>
try (final var in = url.openStream()) {
final var ret = Files.copy(in, target);
System.out.println(ret); // 1256
}
final var str = Files.readString(target);
System.out.println(str);
// Result
// ↓
//<!doctype html>
//<html>
//<head>
// <title>Example Domain</title>
//...
final var target = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "target.txt");
System.out.println(target); // D:\java-work\target.txt
Files.createFile(target);
System.out.println(Files.exists(target)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//target.txt
final byte[] buf = {10, 20, 30};
try (final var in = new ByteArrayInputStream(buf)) {
Files.copy(in, target);
} catch (FileAlreadyExistsException e) {
System.out.println("FileAlreadyExistsException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//FileAlreadyExistsException!
try (final var in = new ByteArrayInputStream(buf)) {
Files.copy(in, target, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(Files.readAllBytes(target)));
}
// Result
// ↓
//[10, 20, 30]
static long copy (Path source, OutputStream out)
Copies all bytes from a file to an output stream.
final var source = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "source.txt");
System.out.println(source); // D:\java-work\source.txt
final var target = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "target.txt");
System.out.println(target); // D:\java-work\target.txt
Files.writeString(source, "abcd");
System.out.println(Files.exists(source)); // true
System.out.println(Files.exists(target)); // false
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//source.txt
try (final var out = Files.newOutputStream(target)) {
final var ret = Files.copy(source, out);
System.out.println(ret); // 4
}
final var str = Files.readString(target);
System.out.println(str); // abcd
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//source.txt
//target.txt
final var source = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "source.txt");
System.out.println(source); // D:\java-work\source.txt
Files.write(source, new byte[]{10, 20, 30});
System.out.println(Files.exists(source)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//source.txt
try (final var out = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
final var ret = Files.copy(source, out);
System.out.println(ret); // 3
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(out.toByteArray())); // [10, 20, 30]
}
final var source = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "xxx");
System.out.println(source); // D:\java-work\xxx
System.out.println(Files.notExists(source)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//<No files / directories>
try (final var out = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
Files.copy(source, out);
} catch (NoSuchFileException e) {
System.out.println("NoSuchFileException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//NoSuchFileException!
static Path copy (Path source, Path target, CopyOption... options)
Copy a file to a target file.
final var source = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "source.txt");
System.out.println(source); // D:\java-work\source.txt
final var target = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "target.txt");
System.out.println(target); // D:\java-work\target.txt
Files.writeString(source, "abcd");
System.out.println(Files.exists(source)); // true
System.out.println(Files.exists(target)); // false
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//source.txt
final var ret = Files.copy(source, target);
System.out.println(ret); // D:\java-work\target.txt
final var str = Files.readString(target);
System.out.println(str); // abcd
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//source.txt
//target.txt
final var source = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "source.txt");
System.out.println(source); // D:\java-work\source.txt
final var target = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "target.txt");
System.out.println(target); // D:\java-work\target.txt
Files.writeString(source, "abcd");
Files.writeString(target, "XYZ");
System.out.println(Files.readString(source)); // abcd
System.out.println(Files.readString(target)); // XYZ
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//source.txt
//target.txt
try {
Files.copy(source, target);
} catch (FileAlreadyExistsException e) {
System.out.println("FileAlreadyExistsException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//FileAlreadyExistsException!
final var ret = Files.copy(source, target, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
System.out.println(ret); // D:\java-work\target.txt
System.out.println(Files.readString(source)); // abcd
System.out.println(Files.readString(target)); // abcd
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//source.txt
//target.txt
final var source = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "xxx");
System.out.println(source); // D:\java-work\xxx
final var target = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "target.txt");
System.out.println(target); // D:\java-work\target.txt
System.out.println(Files.notExists(source)); // true
System.out.println(Files.notExists(target)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//<No files / directories>
try {
Files.copy(source, target);
} catch (NoSuchFileException e) {
System.out.println("NoSuchFileException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//NoSuchFileException!
static Path createDirectories (Path dir, FileAttribute<?>... attrs)
Creates a directory by creating all nonexistent parent directories first.
Please see also createFile(Path path, FileAttribute<?>... attrs) for FileAttribute.
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//
//D:.
final var dir = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "dir1");
System.out.println(dir); // D:\java-work\dir1
System.out.println(Files.notExists(dir)); // true
final var ret = Files.createDirectories(dir);
System.out.println(ret); // D:\java-work\dir1
System.out.println(Files.isDirectory(dir)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//
//D:.
//└─dir1
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//
//D:.
final var dir = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "dir1", "dir2", "dir3");
System.out.println(dir); // D:\java-work\dir1\dir2\dir3
System.out.println(Files.notExists(dir.getParent().getParent())); // true
final var ret = Files.createDirectories(dir);
System.out.println(ret); // D:\java-work\dir1\dir2\dir3
System.out.println(Files.isDirectory(dir)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//
//D:.
//└─dir1
// └─dir2
// └─dir3
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//
//D:.
final var dir = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "dir");
System.out.println(dir); // D:\java-work\dir
System.out.println(Files.notExists(dir)); // true
System.out.println(Files.createDirectories(dir)); // D:\java-work\dir
System.out.println(Files.isDirectory(dir)); // true
System.out.println(Files.createDirectories(dir)); // D:\java-work\dir
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//
//D:.
//└─dir
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
Files.createFile(path);
System.out.println(Files.isDirectory(path)); // false
System.out.println(Files.isRegularFile(path)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//
//D:.
// aaa.txt
try {
Files.createDirectories(path);
} catch (FileAlreadyExistsException e) {
System.out.println("FileAlreadyExistsException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//FileAlreadyExistsException!
static Path createDirectory (Path dir, FileAttribute<?>... attrs)
Creates a new directory.
Please see also createFile(Path path, FileAttribute<?>... attrs) for FileAttribute.
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//
//D:.
final var dir = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "dir");
System.out.println(dir); // D:\java-work\dir
System.out.println(Files.notExists(dir)); // true
final var ret = Files.createDirectory(dir);
System.out.println(ret); // // D:\java-work\dir
System.out.println(Files.isDirectory(dir)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//
//D:.
//└─dir
try {
Files.createDirectory(dir);
} catch (FileAlreadyExistsException e) {
System.out.println("FileAlreadyExistsException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//FileAlreadyExistsException!
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//
//D:.
final var dir = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "dir1", "dir2", "dir3");
System.out.println(dir); // D:\java-work\dir1\dir2\dir3
System.out.println(Files.notExists(dir.getParent())); // true
try {
Files.createDirectory(dir);
} catch (NoSuchFileException e) {
System.out.println("NoSuchFileException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//NoSuchFileException!
static Path createFile (Path path, FileAttribute<?>... attrs)
Creates a new and empty file, failing if the file already exists.
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
System.out.println(Files.notExists(path)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//<No files / directories>
final var ret = Files.createFile(path);
System.out.println(ret); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
System.out.println(Files.size(path)); // 0
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//aaa.txt
try {
Files.createFile(path);
} catch (FileAlreadyExistsException e) {
System.out.println("FileAlreadyExistsException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//FileAlreadyExistsException!
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "dir", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\dir\aaa.txt
System.out.println(Files.notExists(path)); // true
final var parent = path.getParent();
System.out.println(parent); // D:\java-work\dir
System.out.println(Files.notExists(parent)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//<No files / directories>
try {
Files.createFile(path);
} catch (NoSuchFileException e) {
System.out.println("NoSuchFileException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//NoSuchFileException!
The following code runs on Linux.
System.out.println(System.getProperty("os.name")); // Linux
final var ret1 = Files.createFile(Path.of("sample1.txt"));
System.out.println(ret1); // sample1.txt
// --- Linux Terminal ---
//$ ls -l sample1.txt
//-rw-rw-r-- 1 xxxx xxxx 0 Apr 21 18:24 sample1.txt
final var permissions = PosixFilePermissions.fromString("rw-r-----");
System.out.println(permissions); // [OWNER_READ, OWNER_WRITE, GROUP_READ]
final var ret2 = Files.createFile(
Path.of("sample2.txt"),
PosixFilePermissions.asFileAttribute(permissions));
System.out.println(ret2); // sample2.txt
// --- Linux Terminal ---
//$ ls -l sample2.txt
//-rw-r----- 1 xxxx xxxx 0 Apr 21 18:24 sample2.txt
static Path createLink (Path link, Path existing)
Creates a new link (directory entry) for an existing file (optional operation).
final var existing = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "existing.txt");
System.out.println(existing); // D:\java-work\existing.txt
final var link = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "link.txt");
System.out.println(link); // D:\java-work\link.txt
Files.writeString(existing, "abcd");
System.out.println(Files.exists(existing)); // true
System.out.println(Files.exists(link)); // false
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//existing.txt
final var ret = Files.createLink(link, existing);
System.out.println(ret); // D:\java-work\link.txt
System.out.println(Files.readString(existing)); // abcd
System.out.println(Files.readString(link)); // abcd
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//existing.txt
//link.txt
//
//PS D:\java-work> ls .\link.txt | Format-List
//...
//Mode : la---
//LinkType : HardLink
//Target :
//VersionInfo : File: D:\java-work\link.txt
//...
Files.writeString(existing, "XYZ");
System.out.println(Files.readString(existing)); // XYZ
System.out.println(Files.readString(link)); // XYZ
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//<No files / directories>
final var existing = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "existing.txt");
System.out.println(existing); // D:\java-work\existing.txt
final var link = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "link.txt");
System.out.println(link); // D:\java-work\link.txt
System.out.println(Files.notExists(existing)); // true
System.out.println(Files.notExists(link)); // true
try {
Files.createLink(link, existing); // NoSuchFileException
} catch (NoSuchFileException e) {
System.out.println("NoSuchFileException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//NoSuchFileException!
final var existing = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "existing.txt");
System.out.println(existing); // D:\java-work\existing.txt
final var link = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "link.txt");
System.out.println(link); // D:\java-work\link.txt
Files.createFile(existing);
Files.createFile(link);
System.out.println(Files.exists(existing)); // true
System.out.println(Files.exists(link)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//existing.txt
//link.txt
try {
Files.createLink(link, existing);
} catch (FileAlreadyExistsException e) {
System.out.println("FileAlreadyExistsException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//FileAlreadyExistsException!
static Path createSymbolicLink (Path link, Path target, FileAttribute<?>... attrs)
Creates a symbolic link to a target (optional operation).
Please see also createFile(Path path, FileAttribute<?>... attrs) for FileAttribute.
final var target = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "target.txt");
System.out.println(target); // D:\java-work\target.txt
final var link = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "link.txt");
System.out.println(link); // D:\java-work\link.txt
Files.writeString(target, "abcd");
System.out.println(Files.exists(target)); // true
System.out.println(Files.exists(link)); // false
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//target.txt
final var ret = Files.createSymbolicLink(link, target);
System.out.println(ret); // D:\java-work\link.txt
System.out.println(Files.readString(target)); // abcd
System.out.println(Files.readString(link)); // abcd
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//...
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//la--- 2022/04/21 15:21 0 link.txt -> D:\java-work\target.txt
//-a--- 2022/04/21 15:21 3 target.txt
//
//PS D:\java-work> ls .\link.txt | Format-List
//...
//Mode : la---
//LinkType : SymbolicLink
//Target : D:\java-work\target.txt
//VersionInfo : File: D:\java-work\link.txt
//...
Files.writeString(target, "XYZ");
System.out.println(Files.readString(target)); // XYZ
System.out.println(Files.readString(link)); // XYZ
final var target = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "target.txt");
System.out.println(target); // D:\java-work\target.txt
final var link = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "link.txt");
System.out.println(link); // D:\java-work\link.txt
System.out.println(Files.notExists(target)); // true
System.out.println(Files.notExists(link)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//<No files / directories>
final var ret = Files.createSymbolicLink(link, target);
System.out.println(ret); // D:\java-work\link.txt
System.out.println(Files.notExists(target)); // true
System.out.println(Files.notExists(link)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isSymbolicLink(link)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//...
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//la--- 2022/04/21 15:25 0 link.txt -> D:\java-work\target.txt
final var target = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "target.txt");
System.out.println(target); // D:\java-work\target.txt
final var link = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "link.txt");
System.out.println(link); // D:\java-work\link.txt
Files.createFile(target);
Files.createFile(link);
System.out.println(Files.exists(target)); // true
System.out.println(Files.exists(link)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//link.txt
//target.txt
try {
Files.createSymbolicLink(link, target);
} catch (FileAlreadyExistsException e) {
System.out.println("FileAlreadyExistsException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//FileAlreadyExistsException!
static Path createTempDirectory (String prefix, FileAttribute<?>... attrs)
Creates a new directory in the default temporary-file directory, using the given prefix to generate its name.
Please see also createFile(Path path, FileAttribute<?>... attrs) for FileAttribute.
final var ret1 = Files.createTempDirectory("prefix");
System.out.println(ret1); // C:\Users\xxx\AppData\Local\Temp\prefix6089636834939322082
final var ret2 = Files.createTempDirectory("abcd-");
System.out.println(ret2); // C:\Users\xxx\AppData\Local\Temp\abcd-6998169258402534775
final var ret3 = Files.createTempDirectory(null);
System.out.println(ret3); // C:\Users\xxx\AppData\Local\Temp\7916867536894745055
static Path createTempDirectory (Path dir, String prefix, FileAttribute<?>... attrs)
Creates a new directory in the specified directory, using the given prefix to generate its name.
Please see also createFile(Path path, FileAttribute<?>... attrs) for FileAttribute.
final var dir = Path.of("D:", "java-work");
System.out.println(dir); // D:\java-work
final var ret1 = Files.createTempDirectory(dir, "prefix");
System.out.println(ret1); // D:\java-work\prefix18208067467997933175
final var ret2 = Files.createTempDirectory(dir, "abcd-");
System.out.println(ret2); // D:\java-work\abcd-521471602431667304
final var ret3 = Files.createTempDirectory(dir, null);
System.out.println(ret3); // D:\java-work\2640746303774778924
static Path createTempFile (String prefix, String suffix, FileAttribute<?>... attrs)
Creates an empty file in the default temporary-file directory, using the given prefix and suffix to generate its name.
Please see also createFile(Path path, FileAttribute<?>... attrs) for FileAttribute.
final var ret1 = Files.createTempFile("prefix-", "-suffix");
System.out.println(ret1); // C:\Users\xxx\AppData\Local\Temp\prefix-9091722447586283597-suffix
final var ret2 = Files.createTempFile("abcd-", ".txt");
System.out.println(ret2); // C:\Users\xxx\AppData\Local\Temp\abcd-13867786695402679957.txt
final var ret3 = Files.createTempFile("prefix-", null);
System.out.println(ret3); // C:\Users\xxx\AppData\Local\Temp\prefix-17221573028074243598.tmp
final var ret4 = Files.createTempFile(null, "-suffix");
System.out.println(ret4); // C:\Users\xxx\AppData\Local\Temp\11809310207624726987-suffix
final var ret5 = Files.createTempFile(null, null);
System.out.println(ret5); // C:\Users\xxx\AppData\Local\Temp\13779039011143750638.tmp
static Path createTempFile (Path dir, String prefix, String suffix, FileAttribute<?>... attrs)
Creates a new empty file in the specified directory, using the given prefix and suffix strings to generate its name.
Please see also createFile(Path path, FileAttribute<?>... attrs) for FileAttribute.
final var dir = Path.of("D:", "java-work");
System.out.println(dir); // D:\java-work
final var ret1 = Files.createTempFile(dir, "prefix-", "-suffix");
System.out.println(ret1); // D:\java-work\prefix-10113412430119575991-suffix
final var ret2 = Files.createTempFile(dir, "abcd-", ".txt");
System.out.println(ret2); // D:\java-work\abcd-169546499978120138.txt
final var ret3 = Files.createTempFile(dir, "prefix-", null);
System.out.println(ret3); // D:\java-work\prefix-9437871265568200345.tmp
final var ret4 = Files.createTempFile(dir, null, "-suffix");
System.out.println(ret4); // D:\java-work\9337658086830323119-suffix
final var ret5 = Files.createTempFile(dir, null, null);
System.out.println(ret5); // D:\java-work\13108613127478405635.tmp
static void delete (Path path)
Deletes a file.
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
final var dir = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "dir");
System.out.println(dir); // D:\java-work\dir
Files.createFile(path);
Files.createDirectory(dir);
System.out.println(Files.isRegularFile(path)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isDirectory(dir)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls | Format-Table -Property Mode, Name
//
//Mode Name
//---- ----
//d---- dir
//-a--- aaa.txt
Files.delete(path);
System.out.println(Files.notExists(path)); // true
//PS D:\java-work> ls | Format-Table -Property Mode, Name
//
//Mode Name
//---- ----
//d---- dir
Files.delete(dir);
System.out.println(Files.notExists(dir)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//<No files / directories>
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//<No files / directories>
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(Files.notExists(path)); // true
try {
Files.delete(path);
} catch (NoSuchFileException e) {
System.out.println("NoSuchFileException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//NoSuchFileException!
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//...
//D:.
//└─dir
// aaa.txt
// bbb.txt
final var dir = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "dir");
System.out.println(dir); // D:\java-work\dir
System.out.println(Files.isDirectory(dir)); // true
try {
Files.delete(dir);
} catch (DirectoryNotEmptyException e) {
System.out.println("DirectoryNotEmptyException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//DirectoryNotEmptyException!
static boolean deleteIfExists (Path path)
Deletes a file if it exists.
Please see also : delete(Path path)
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
Files.createFile(path);
System.out.println(Files.exists(path)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//aaa.txt
System.out.println(Files.deleteIfExists(path)); // true
System.out.println(Files.notExists(path)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//<No files / directories>
System.out.println(Files.deleteIfExists(path)); // false
static boolean exists (Path path, LinkOption... options)
Tests whether a file exists.
final var dir = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "dir");
System.out.println(dir); // D:\java-work\dir
final var file = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(file); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
final var nonExistentPath = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "xxx");
System.out.println(nonExistentPath); // D:\java-work\xxx
Files.createDirectory(dir);
Files.createFile(file);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls | Format-Table -Property Mode, Name
//
//Mode Name
//---- ----
//d---- dir
//-a--- aaa.txt
System.out.println(Files.isDirectory(dir)); // true
System.out.println(Files.exists(dir)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isRegularFile(file)); // true
System.out.println(Files.exists(file)); // true
System.out.println(Files.exists(nonExistentPath)); // false
final var link = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "link.txt");
System.out.println(link); // D:\java-work\link.txt
final var target = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "target.txt");
System.out.println(target); // D:\java-work\target.txt
Files.createSymbolicLink(link, target);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//...
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//la--- 2022/04/14 19:09 0 link.txt -> D:\java-work\target.txt
System.out.println(Files.exists(target)); // false
System.out.println(Files.isSymbolicLink(link)); // true
System.out.println(Files.exists(link)); // false
System.out.println(Files.exists(link, LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS)); // true
static Stream<Path> find (Path start, int maxDepth, BiPredicate<Path,BasicFileAttributes> matcher, FileVisitOption... options)
Return a Stream that is lazily populated with Path by searching for files in a file tree rooted at a given starting file.
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//...
//D:.
//│ aaa.txt
//│ bbb.txt
//│
//├─dir1
//│ │ ccc.txt
//│ │ ddd.txt
//│ │
//│ └─dir1-2
//│ eee.txt
//│ fff.txt
//│
//└─dir2
// ggg.txt
// hhh.txt
final var start = Path.of("D:", "java-work");
System.out.println(start); // D:\java-work
System.out.println("maxDepth : 3");
try (final var stream = Files.find(start, 3, (path, basicFileAttributes) -> true)) {
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
}
// Result
// ↓
//maxDepth : 3
//D:\java-work
//D:\java-work\aaa.txt
//D:\java-work\bbb.txt
//D:\java-work\dir1
//D:\java-work\dir1\ccc.txt
//D:\java-work\dir1\ddd.txt
//D:\java-work\dir1\dir1-2
//D:\java-work\dir1\dir1-2\eee.txt
//D:\java-work\dir1\dir1-2\fff.txt
//D:\java-work\dir2
//D:\java-work\dir2\ggg.txt
//D:\java-work\dir2\hhh.txt
System.out.println("maxDepth : 2");
try (final var stream = Files.find(start, 2, (path, basicFileAttributes) -> true)) {
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
}
// Result
// ↓
//maxDepth : 2
//D:\java-work
//D:\java-work\aaa.txt
//D:\java-work\bbb.txt
//D:\java-work\dir1
//D:\java-work\dir1\ccc.txt
//D:\java-work\dir1\ddd.txt
//D:\java-work\dir1\dir1-2
//D:\java-work\dir2
//D:\java-work\dir2\ggg.txt
//D:\java-work\dir2\hhh.txt
System.out.println("maxDepth : 1");
try (final var stream = Files.find(start, 1, (path, basicFileAttributes) -> true)) {
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
}
// Result
// ↓
//maxDepth : 1
//D:\java-work
//D:\java-work\aaa.txt
//D:\java-work\bbb.txt
//D:\java-work\dir1
//D:\java-work\dir2
System.out.println("maxDepth : 0");
try (final var stream = Files.find(start, 0, (path, basicFileAttributes) -> true)) {
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
}
// Result
// ↓
//maxDepth : 0
//D:\java-work
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//...
//D:.
//│ aaa.txt
//│ bbb.txt
//│
//├─dir1
//│ │ ccc.txt
//│ │ ddd.txt
//│ │
//│ └─dir1-2
//│ eee.txt
//│ fff.txt
//│
//└─dir2
// ggg.txt
// hhh.txt
final var start = Path.of("D:", "java-work");
System.out.println(start); // D:\java-work
System.out.println("matcher : isDirectory");
try (final var stream = Files.find(start, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
(path, basicFileAttributes) -> basicFileAttributes.isDirectory())) {
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
}
// Result
// ↓
//matcher : isDirectory
//D:\java-work
//D:\java-work\dir1
//D:\java-work\dir1\dir1-2
//D:\java-work\dir2
System.out.println("matcher : isRegularFile");
try (final var stream = Files.find(start, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
(path, basicFileAttributes) -> basicFileAttributes.isRegularFile())) {
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
}
// Result
// ↓
//matcher : isRegularFile
//D:\java-work\aaa.txt
//D:\java-work\bbb.txt
//D:\java-work\dir1\ccc.txt
//D:\java-work\dir1\ddd.txt
//D:\java-work\dir1\dir1-2\eee.txt
//D:\java-work\dir1\dir1-2\fff.txt
//D:\java-work\dir2\ggg.txt
//D:\java-work\dir2\hhh.txt
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//...
//D:.
//├─dir
//│ aaa.txt
//│ bbb.txt
//│
//└─link-dir
// aaa.txt
// bbb.txt
//
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//
// Directory: D:\java-work
//
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//d---- 2022/04/20 18:41 dir
//l---- 2022/04/20 18:41 link-dir -> D:\java-work\dir
final var start = Path.of("D:", "java-work");
System.out.println(start); // D:\java-work
try (final var stream = Files.find(start, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
(path, basicFileAttributes) -> true)) {
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
}
// Result
// ↓
//D:\java-work
//D:\java-work\dir
//D:\java-work\dir\aaa.txt
//D:\java-work\dir\bbb.txt
//D:\java-work\link-dir
System.out.println("FileVisitOption : FOLLOW_LINKS");
try (final var stream = Files.find(start, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
(path, basicFileAttributes) -> true, FileVisitOption.FOLLOW_LINKS)) {
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
}
// Result
// ↓
//FileVisitOption : FOLLOW_LINKS
//D:\java-work
//D:\java-work\dir
//D:\java-work\dir\aaa.txt
//D:\java-work\dir\bbb.txt
//D:\java-work\link-dir
//D:\java-work\link-dir\aaa.txt
//D:\java-work\link-dir\bbb.txt
final var start = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "xxx");
System.out.println(start); // D:\java-work\xxx
System.out.println(Files.notExists(start)); // true
try (final var stream = Files.find(start, Integer.MAX_VALUE, (path, basicFileAttributes) -> true)) {
} catch (NoSuchFileException e) {
System.out.println("NoSuchFileException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//NoSuchFileException!
static Object getAttribute (Path path, String attribute, LinkOption... options)
Reads the value of a file attribute.
final var file = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(file); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
final var hidden = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "hidden.txt");
System.out.println(hidden); // D:\java-work\hidden.txt
Files.writeString(file, "abcd");
Files.writeString(hidden, "1234567890");
Files.setAttribute(hidden, "dos:hidden", true);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Force | Format-Table -Property Mode, Length, Name
//
//Mode Length Name
//---- ------ ----
//-a--- 4 aaa.txt
//-a-h- 10 hidden.txt
System.out.println(Files.getAttribute(file, "size")); // 4
System.out.println(Files.getAttribute(hidden, "size")); // 10
System.out.println(Files.getAttribute(file, "dos:hidden")); // false
System.out.println(Files.getAttribute(hidden, "dos:hidden")); // true
final var target = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(target); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
final var link = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "link.txt");
System.out.println(link); // D:\java-work\link.txt
Files.writeString(target, "abcd");
Files.createSymbolicLink(link, target);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//...
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//-a--- 2022/04/14 19:45 4 aaa.txt
//la--- 2022/04/14 19:45 0 link.txt -> D:\java-work\aaa.txt
System.out.println(Files.getAttribute(link, "size")); // 4
System.out.println(Files.getAttribute(link, "size", LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS)); // 0
static <V extends FileAttributeView> V getFileAttributeView (Path path, Class<V> type, LinkOption... options)
Returns a file attribute view of a given type.
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
Files.writeString(path, "abcd");
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls | Format-Table -Property Mode, Length, Name
//
//Mode Length Name
//---- ------ ----
//-a--- 4 aaa.txt
final var basicView = Files.getFileAttributeView(path, BasicFileAttributeView.class);
if (basicView != null) {
final var attrs = basicView.readAttributes();
System.out.println(attrs.size()); // 4
System.out.println(attrs.isRegularFile()); // true
System.out.println(attrs.isDirectory()); // false
}
final var hidden = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "hidden.txt");
System.out.println(hidden); // D:\java-work\hidden.txt
Files.writeString(hidden, "abcd");
Files.setAttribute(hidden, "dos:hidden", true);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Force | Format-Table -Property Mode, Length, Name
//
//Mode Length Name
//---- ------ ----
//-a-h- 4 hidden.txt
final var dosView = Files.getFileAttributeView(hidden, DosFileAttributeView.class);
if (dosView != null) {
final var attrs = dosView.readAttributes();
System.out.println(attrs.size()); // 4
System.out.println(attrs.isHidden()); // true
System.out.println(attrs.isReadOnly()); // false
dosView.setReadOnly(true);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Force | Format-Table -Property Mode, Length, Name
//
//Mode Length Name
//---- ------ ----
//-arh- 4 hidden.txt
}
final var target = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(target); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
final var link = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "link.txt");
System.out.println(link); // D:\java-work\link.txt
Files.writeString(target, "abcd");
Files.createSymbolicLink(link, target);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//...
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//-a--- 2022/04/14 20:07 4 aaa.txt
//la--- 2022/04/14 20:07 0 link.txt -> D:\java-work\aaa.txt
final var basicView = Files.getFileAttributeView(link, BasicFileAttributeView.class);
if (basicView != null) {
final var attrs = basicView.readAttributes();
System.out.println(attrs.size()); // 4
System.out.println(attrs.isRegularFile()); // true
System.out.println(attrs.isSymbolicLink()); // false
}
final var basicView2 = Files.getFileAttributeView(link, BasicFileAttributeView.class, LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS);
if (basicView2 != null) {
final var attrs = basicView2.readAttributes();
System.out.println(attrs.size()); // 0
System.out.println(attrs.isRegularFile()); // false
System.out.println(attrs.isSymbolicLink()); // true
}
static FileStore getFileStore (Path path)
Returns the FileStore representing the file store where a file is located.
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work
final var store = Files.getFileStore(path);
System.out.println(store.type()); // NTFS
System.out.println(store.getBlockSize()); // 512
static FileTime getLastModifiedTime (Path path, LinkOption... options)
Returns a file's last modified time.
final var zoneId = ZoneId.systemDefault();
System.out.println(zoneId); // Asia/Tokyo
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
Files.createFile(path);
final var ret = Files.setLastModifiedTime(path, FileTime.from(
ZonedDateTime.of(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, zoneId).toInstant()));
System.out.println(ret); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls | Format-Table -Property LastWriteTime, Name
//
//LastWriteTime Name
//------------- ----
//2000/01/01 0:00:00 aaa.txt
final var fileTime = Files.getLastModifiedTime(path);
System.out.println(fileTime); // 1999-12-31T15:00:00Z
final var zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.ofInstant(fileTime.toInstant(), zoneId);
System.out.println(zonedDateTime); // 2000-01-01T00:00+09:00[Asia/Tokyo]
final var zoneId = ZoneId.systemDefault();
System.out.println(zoneId); // Asia/Tokyo
final var target = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(target); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
final var link = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "link.txt");
System.out.println(link); // D:\java-work\link.txt
Files.createFile(target);
Files.setLastModifiedTime(target, FileTime.from(
ZonedDateTime.of(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, zoneId).toInstant()));
Files.createSymbolicLink(link, target);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//...
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//-a--- 2000/01/01 0:00 0 aaa.txt
//la--- 2022/04/14 21:03 0 link.txt -> D:\java-work\aaa.txt
final var ret1 = Files.getLastModifiedTime(link);
System.out.println(ret1); // 1999-12-31T15:00:00Z
final var ret2 = Files.getLastModifiedTime(link, LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS);
System.out.println(ret2); // 2022-04-14T12:03:42.431078Z
static UserPrincipal getOwner (Path path, LinkOption... options)
Returns the owner of a file.
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
Files.createFile(path);
final var service = path.getFileSystem().getUserPrincipalLookupService();
final var newOwner = service.lookupPrincipalByName("test-user");
final var ret1 = Files.setOwner(path, newOwner);
System.out.println(ret1); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> Get-Acl .\aaa.txt
//...
//Path Owner Access
//---- ----- ------
//aaa.txt MY-PC\test-user BUILTIN\Administrators Allow FullControl…
final var ret2 = Files.getOwner(path);
System.out.println(ret2); // MY-PC\test-user (User)
final var target = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(target); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
final var link = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "link.txt");
System.out.println(link); // D:\java-work\link.txt
Files.createSymbolicLink(link, target);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls | Get-Acl
//..
//Path Owner Access
//---- ----- ------
//aaa.txt MY-PC\test-user BUILTIN\Administrators Allow FullControl…
//link.txt BUILTIN\Administrators BUILTIN\Administrators Allow FullControl…
System.out.println(Files.getOwner(link)); // MY-PC\test-user (User)
System.out.println(Files.getOwner(link, LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS)); // BUILTIN\Administrators (Alias)
static Set<PosixFilePermission> getPosixFilePermissions (Path path, LinkOption... options)
Returns a file's POSIX file permissions.
The following code runs on Linux.
System.out.println(System.getProperty("os.name")); // Linux
// --- Linux Terminal ---
//$ ls -l sample.txt
//-rw-rw-r-- 1 xxxx xxxx 0 Apr 21 18:24 sample.txt
final var path = Path.of("sample.txt");
final var permissions = Files.getPosixFilePermissions(path);
System.out.println(PosixFilePermissions.toString(permissions)); // rw-rw-r--
System.out.println(System.getProperty("os.name")); // Linux
// --- Linux Terminal ---
//$ ls -l
//lrwxrwxrwx 1 xxxx xxxx 10 Apr 21 18:24 link.txt -> sample.txt
//-rw-rw-r-- 1 xxxx xxxx 0 Apr 21 18:24 sample.txt
final var path = Path.of("link.txt");
final var permissions1 = Files.getPosixFilePermissions(path);
System.out.println(PosixFilePermissions.toString(permissions1)); // rw-rw-r--
final var permissions2 = Files.getPosixFilePermissions(path, LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS);
System.out.println(PosixFilePermissions.toString(permissions2)); // rwxrwxrwx
static boolean isDirectory (Path path, LinkOption... options)
Tests whether a file is a directory.
final var dir = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "dir");
System.out.println(dir); // D:\java-work\dir
final var file = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(file); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
final var link = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "link-dir");
System.out.println(link); // D:\java-work\link-dir
final var nonExistentPath = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "xxx");
System.out.println(nonExistentPath); // D:\java-work\xxx
Files.createDirectory(dir);
Files.createFile(file);
Files.createSymbolicLink(link, dir);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//...
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//d---- 2022/04/14 21:51 dir
//l---- 2022/04/14 21:51 link-dir -> D:\java-work\dir
//-a--- 2022/04/14 21:51 0 aaa.txt
System.out.println(Files.isDirectory(dir)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isDirectory(file)); // false
System.out.println(Files.isDirectory(link)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isDirectory(link, LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS)); // false
System.out.println(Files.isDirectory(nonExistentPath)); // false
static boolean isExecutable (Path path)
Tests whether a file is executable.
final var dir = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "dir");
System.out.println(dir); // D:\java-work\dir
final var file = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(file); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
final var exe = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "java.exe");
System.out.println(exe); // D:\java-work\java.exe
final var nonExistentPath = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "xxx");
System.out.println(nonExistentPath); // D:\java-work\xxx
Files.createDirectory(dir);
Files.createFile(file);
Files.copy(Path.of(System.getProperty("java.home"), "bin", "java.exe"), exe);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls | Format-Table -Property Mode, Name
//
//Mode Name
//---- ----
//d---- dir
//-a--- aaa.txt
//-a--- java.exe
System.out.println(Files.isExecutable(dir)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isExecutable(file)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isExecutable(exe)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isExecutable(nonExistentPath)); // false
The following code runs on Linux.
System.out.println(System.getProperty("os.name")); // Linux
final var shFile = Path.of("sample.sh");
final var txtFile = Path.of("sample.txt");
// --- Linux Terminal ---
//$ ls -l
//-rwxrwxr-x 1 xxxx xxxx 0 Apr 21 18:24 sample.sh
//-rw-rw-r-- 1 xxxx xxxx 0 Apr 21 18:24 sample.txt
System.out.println(Files.isExecutable(shFile)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isExecutable(txtFile)); // false
static boolean isHidden (Path path)
Tells whether or not a file is considered hidden.
final var dir = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "dir");
System.out.println(dir); // D:\java-work\dir
final var file = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(file); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
final var hidden = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "hidden.txt");
System.out.println(hidden); // D:\java-work\hidden.txt
Files.createDirectory(dir);
Files.createFile(file);
Files.createFile(hidden);
Files.setAttribute(hidden, "dos:hidden", true);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Force | Format-Table -Property Mode, Name
//
//Mode Name
//---- ----
//d---- dir
//-a--- aaa.txt
//-a-h- hidden.txt
System.out.println(Files.isHidden(dir)); // false
System.out.println(Files.isHidden(file)); // false
System.out.println(Files.isHidden(hidden)); // true
final var nonExistentPath = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "xxx");
System.out.println(nonExistentPath); // D:\java-work\xxx
System.out.println(Files.notExists(nonExistentPath)); // true
try {
Files.isHidden(nonExistentPath);
} catch (NoSuchFileException e) {
System.out.println("NoSuchFileException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//NoSuchFileException!
static boolean isReadable (Path path)
Tests whether a file is readable.
final var dir = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "dir");
System.out.println(dir); // D:\java-work\dir
final var file = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(file); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
final var nonExistentPath = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "xxx");
System.out.println(nonExistentPath); // D:\java-work\xxx
Files.createDirectory(dir);
Files.createFile(file);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls | Format-Table -Property Mode, Name
//
//Mode Name
//---- ----
//d---- dir
//-a--- aaa.txt
System.out.println(Files.isReadable(dir)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isReadable(file)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isReadable(nonExistentPath)); // false
final var nonReadableFile = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "non-readable.txt");
System.out.println(nonReadableFile); // D:\java-work\non-readable.txt
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> Get-Acl .\non-readable.txt
//...
//Path Owner Access
//---- ----- ------
//non-readable.txt MY-PC\test-user BUILTIN\Administrators Deny ReadData…
System.out.println(Files.isReadable(nonReadableFile)); // false
static boolean isRegularFile (Path path, LinkOption... options)
Tests whether a file is a regular file with opaque content.
final var dir = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "dir");
System.out.println(dir); // D:\java-work\dir
final var file = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(file); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
final var link = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "link.txt");
System.out.println(link); // D:\java-work\link.txt
final var nonExistentPath = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "xxx");
System.out.println(nonExistentPath); // D:\java-work\xxx
Files.createDirectory(dir);
Files.createFile(file);
Files.createSymbolicLink(link, file);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//...
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//d---- 2022/04/15 17:25 dir
//-a--- 2022/04/15 17:25 0 aaa.txt
//la--- 2022/04/15 17:25 0 link.txt -> D:\java-work\aaa.txt
System.out.println(Files.isDirectory(dir)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isRegularFile(dir)); // false
System.out.println(Files.exists(file)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isRegularFile(file)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isSymbolicLink(link)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isRegularFile(link)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isRegularFile(link, LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS)); // false
System.out.println(Files.notExists(nonExistentPath)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isRegularFile(nonExistentPath)); // false
static boolean isSameFile (Path path, Path path2)
Tests if two paths locate the same file.
final var file1 = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa1.txt");
System.out.println(file1); // D:\java-work\aaa1.txt
final var file2 = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa2.txt");
System.out.println(file2); // D:\java-work\aaa2.txt
final var file3 = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "bbb.txt");
System.out.println(file3); // D:\java-work\bbb.txt
final var link = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "link.txt");
System.out.println(link); // D:\java-work\link.txt
Files.writeString(file1, "abcd");
Files.writeString(file2, "abcd");
Files.writeString(file3, "XYZ");
Files.createSymbolicLink(link, file1);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//...
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//-a--- 2022/04/15 17:29 4 aaa1.txt
//-a--- 2022/04/15 17:29 4 aaa2.txt
//-a--- 2022/04/15 17:29 3 bbb.txt
//la--- 2022/04/15 17:29 0 link.txt -> D:\java-work\aaa1.txt
System.out.println(Files.readString(file1)); // abcd
System.out.println(Files.readString(file2)); // abcd
System.out.println(Files.readString(file3)); // XYZ
System.out.println(Files.readString(link)); // abcd
System.out.println(Files.isSameFile(file1, file1)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isSameFile(file1, file2)); // false
System.out.println(Files.isSameFile(file1, file3)); // false
System.out.println(Files.isSameFile(file1, link)); // true
final var file = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(file); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
final var nonExistentPath = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "xxx");
System.out.println(nonExistentPath); // D:\java-work\xxx
Files.createFile(file);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//aaa.txt
try {
Files.isSameFile(file, nonExistentPath);
} catch (NoSuchFileException e) {
System.out.println("NoSuchFileException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//NoSuchFileException!
static boolean isSymbolicLink (Path path)
Tests whether a file is a symbolic link.
final var dir = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "dir");
System.out.println(dir); // D:\java-work\dir
final var file = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(file); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
final var link = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "link.txt");
System.out.println(link); // D:\java-work\link.txt
final var nonExistentPath = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "xxx");
System.out.println(nonExistentPath); // D:\java-work\xxx
Files.createDirectory(dir);
Files.createFile(file);
Files.createSymbolicLink(link, file);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//...
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//d---- 2022/04/15 17:36 dir
//-a--- 2022/04/15 17:36 0 aaa.txt
//la--- 2022/04/15 17:36 0 link.txt -> D:\java-work\aaa.txt
System.out.println(Files.isDirectory(dir)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isSymbolicLink(dir)); // false
System.out.println(Files.isRegularFile(file)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isSymbolicLink(file)); // false
System.out.println(Files.exists(link)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isSymbolicLink(link)); // true
System.out.println(Files.notExists(nonExistentPath)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isSymbolicLink(nonExistentPath)); // false
static boolean isWritable (Path path)
Tests whether a file is writable.
final var dir = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "dir");
System.out.println(dir); // D:\java-work\dir
final var file = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(file); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
final var readOnlyFile = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "read-only.txt");
System.out.println(readOnlyFile); // D:\java-work\read-only.txt
final var nonExistentPath = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "xxx");
System.out.println(nonExistentPath); // D:\java-work\xxx
Files.createDirectory(dir);
Files.createFile(file);
Files.createFile(readOnlyFile);
Files.setAttribute(readOnlyFile, "dos:readonly", true);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls | Format-Table -Property Mode, Name
//
//Mode Name
//---- ----
//d---- dir
//-a--- aaa.txt
//-ar-- read-only.txt
System.out.println(Files.isDirectory(dir)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isWritable(dir)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isRegularFile(file)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isWritable(file)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isRegularFile(readOnlyFile)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isWritable(readOnlyFile)); // false
System.out.println(Files.notExists(nonExistentPath)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isWritable(nonExistentPath)); // false
static Stream<String> lines (Path path)
Read all lines from a file as a Stream.
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
Files.writeString(path, """
abcd
XYZ
12345
""");
try (final var lines = Files.lines(path)) {
System.out.println(lines.toList()); // [abcd, XYZ, 12345]
}
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
Files.createFile(path);
System.out.println(Files.size(path)); // 0
try (final var stream = Files.lines(path)) {
System.out.println(stream.toList()); // []
}
static Stream<String> lines (Path path, Charset cs)
Read all lines from a file as a Stream.
Please see also : lines(Path path)
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path);
final var csq = """
abcd
12345
〇△□×
""";
Files.writeString(path, csq, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
try (final var stream = Files.lines(path, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)) {
System.out.println(stream.toList()); // [abcd, 12345, 〇△□×]
}
try (final var stream = Files.lines(path, Charset.forName("Shift_JIS"))) {
//stream.toList(); // UncheckedIOException (MalformedInputException)
}
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path);
final var csq = """
abcd
12345
〇△□×
""";
Files.writeString(path, csq, Charset.forName("Shift_JIS"));
try (final var stream = Files.lines(path, Charset.forName("Shift_JIS"))) {
System.out.println(stream.toList()); // [abcd, 12345, 〇△□×]
}
try (final var stream = Files.lines(path, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)) {
//stream.toList(); // UncheckedIOException (MalformedInputException)
}
static Stream<Path> list (Path dir)
Return a lazily populated Stream, the elements of which are the entries in the directory.
final var dir1 = Path.of("D:", "java-work");
System.out.println(dir1); // D:\java-work
Files.createFile(dir1.resolve(Path.of("aaa.txt")));
Files.createFile(dir1.resolve(Path.of("bbb.txt")));
final var dir2 = dir1.resolve("dir");
System.out.println(dir2); // D:\java-work\dir
Files.createDirectory(dir2);
Files.createFile(dir2.resolve(Path.of("ccc.txt")));
Files.createFile(dir2.resolve(Path.of("ddd.txt")));
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//...
//D:.
//│ aaa.txt
//│ bbb.txt
//│
//└─dir
// ccc.txt
// ddd.txt
try (final var stream = Files.list(dir1)) {
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
// Result
// ↓
//D:\java-work\aaa.txt
//D:\java-work\bbb.txt
//D:\java-work\dir
}
try (final var stream = Files.list(dir2)) {
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
// Result
// ↓
//D:\java-work\dir\ccc.txt
//D:\java-work\dir\ddd.txt
}
final var file = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(file); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
Files.createFile(file);
System.out.println(Files.isRegularFile(file)); // true
try (final var stream = Files.list(file)) {
} catch (NotDirectoryException e) {
System.out.println("NotDirectoryException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//NotDirectoryException!
static long mismatch (Path path, Path path2)
Finds and returns the position of the first mismatched byte in the content of two files, or -1L if there is no mismatch.
final var target = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "target.txt");
System.out.println(target); // D:\java-work\target.txt
final var file1 = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa1.txt");
final var file2 = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa2.txt");
final var file3 = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa3.txt");
final var file4 = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa4.txt");
final var file5 = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa5.txt");
final var file6 = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa6.txt");
Files.write(target, new byte[]{0, 1, 2});
Files.write(file1, new byte[]{0, 1, 2});
Files.write(file2, new byte[]{0, 1, 102});
Files.write(file3, new byte[]{0, 101, 102});
Files.write(file4, new byte[]{100, 101, 102});
Files.write(file5, new byte[]{});
Files.write(file6, new byte[]{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9});
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//aaa1.txt
//aaa2.txt
//aaa3.txt
//aaa4.txt
//aaa5.txt
//aaa6.txt
//target.txt
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(Files.readAllBytes(target))); // [0, 1, 2]
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(Files.readAllBytes(file1))); // [0, 1, 2]
System.out.println(Files.mismatch(target, file1)); // -1
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(Files.readAllBytes(file2))); // [0, 1, 102]
System.out.println(Files.mismatch(target, file2)); // 2
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(Files.readAllBytes(file3))); // [0, 101, 102]
System.out.println(Files.mismatch(target, file3)); // 1
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(Files.readAllBytes(file4))); // [100, 101, 102]
System.out.println(Files.mismatch(target, file4)); // 0
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(Files.readAllBytes(file5))); // []
System.out.println(Files.mismatch(target, file5)); // 0
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(Files.readAllBytes(file6))); // [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
System.out.println(Files.mismatch(target, file6)); // 3
static Path move (Path source, Path target, CopyOption... options)
Move or rename a file to a target file.
final var source = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "source.txt");
System.out.println(source); // D:\java-work\source.txt
final var target = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "target.txt");
System.out.println(target); // D:\java-work\target.txt
Files.writeString(source, "abcd");
System.out.println(Files.exists(source)); // true
System.out.println(Files.exists(target)); // false
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls | Format-Table -Property Mode, Length, Name
//
//Mode Length Name
//---- ------ ----
//-a--- 4 source.txt
System.out.println(Files.move(source, target)); // D:\java-work\target.txt
System.out.println(Files.exists(source)); // false
System.out.println(Files.exists(target)); // true
System.out.println(Files.readString(target)); // abcd
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls | Format-Table -Property Mode, Length, Name
//
//Mode Length Name
//---- ------ ----
//-a--- 4 target.txt
final var source = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "source-dir");
System.out.println(source); // D:\java-work\source-dir
final var target = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "target-dir");
System.out.println(target); // D:\java-work\target-dir
Files.createDirectory(source);
Files.createFile(source.resolve(Path.of("aaa.txt")));
Files.createFile(source.resolve(Path.of("bbb.txt")));
System.out.println(Files.exists(source)); // true
System.out.println(Files.exists(target)); // false
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//...
//D:.
//└─source-dir
// aaa.txt
// bbb.txt
System.out.println(Files.move(source, target)); // D:\java-work\target-dir
System.out.println(Files.exists(source)); // false
System.out.println(Files.exists(target)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//...
//D:.
//└─target-dir
// aaa.txt
// bbb.txt
final var source = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "source.txt");
System.out.println(source); // D:\java-work\source.txt
Files.createFile(source);
System.out.println(Files.exists(source)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//source.txt
System.out.println(Files.move(source, source)); // D:\java-work\source.txt
System.out.println(Files.exists(source)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//source.txt
final var source = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "source.txt");
System.out.println(source); // D:\java-work\source.txt
final var target = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "target.txt");
System.out.println(target); // D:\java-work\target.txt
Files.createFile(source);
Files.createFile(target);
System.out.println(Files.exists(source)); // true
System.out.println(Files.exists(target)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//source.txt
//target.txt
try {
Files.move(source, target);
} catch (FileAlreadyExistsException e) {
System.out.println("FileAlreadyExistsException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//FileAlreadyExistsException!
// An example of moving a file to a different FileStore.
final var source = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "source.txt");
System.out.println(source); // D:\java-work\source.txt
final var target = Path.of("R:", "java-work", "target.txt");
System.out.println(target); // R:\java-work\target.txt
Files.createFile(source);
System.out.println(Files.exists(source)); // true
System.out.println(Files.exists(target)); // false
System.out.println(Files.move(source, target)); // R:\java-work\target.txt
System.out.println(Files.exists(source)); // false
System.out.println(Files.exists(target)); // true
// An example of moving a directory to a different FileStore.
final var source = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "source-dir");
System.out.println(source); // D:\java-work\source-dir
final var target = Path.of("R:", "java-work", "target-dir");
System.out.println(target); // R:\java-work\target-dir
Files.createDirectory(source);
Files.createFile(source.resolve(Path.of("aaa.txt")));
System.out.println(Files.exists(source)); // true
System.out.println(Files.exists(target)); // false
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//...
//D:.
//└─source-dir
// aaa.txt
try {
Files.move(source, target);
} catch (DirectoryNotEmptyException e) {
System.out.println("DirectoryNotEmptyException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//DirectoryNotEmptyException!
static BufferedReader newBufferedReader (Path path)
Opens a file for reading, returning a BufferedReader to read text from the file in an efficient manner.
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
Files.writeString(path, """
abcd
XYZ
12345
""");
try (final var reader = Files.newBufferedReader(path)) {
System.out.println(reader.readLine()); // abcd
System.out.println(reader.readLine()); // XYZ
System.out.println(reader.readLine()); // 12345
}
static BufferedReader newBufferedReader (Path path, Charset cs)
Opens a file for reading, returning a BufferedReader that may be used to read text from the file in an efficient manner.
Please see also : newBufferedReader(Path path)
final var utf8 = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(utf8); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
Files.writeString(utf8, "〇△□×", StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
try (final var reader = Files.newBufferedReader(utf8, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)) {
System.out.println(reader.readLine()); // 〇△□×
}
try (final var reader = Files.newBufferedReader(utf8, Charset.forName("Shift_JIS"))) {
reader.readLine();
} catch (MalformedInputException e) {
System.out.println("MalformedInputException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//MalformedInputException!
final var sjis = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(sjis); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
Files.writeString(sjis, "〇△□×", Charset.forName("Shift_JIS"));
try (final var reader = Files.newBufferedReader(sjis, Charset.forName("Shift_JIS"))) {
System.out.println(reader.readLine()); // 〇△□×
}
try (final var reader = Files.newBufferedReader(sjis, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)) {
reader.readLine();
} catch (MalformedInputException e) {
System.out.println("MalformedInputException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//MalformedInputException!
static BufferedWriter newBufferedWriter (Path path, Charset cs, OpenOption... options)
Opens or creates a file for writing, returning a BufferedWriter that may be used to write text to the file in an efficient manner.
Please see also : newBufferedWriter(Path path, OpenOption... options)
final var sjis = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(sjis); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
try (final var writer = Files.newBufferedWriter(sjis, Charset.forName("Shift_JIS"))) {
writer.write("〇△□×");
}
System.out.println(Files.readString(sjis, Charset.forName("Shift_JIS"))); // 〇△□×
try {
Files.readString(sjis, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
} catch (MalformedInputException e) {
System.out.println("MalformedInputException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//MalformedInputException!
static BufferedWriter newBufferedWriter (Path path, OpenOption... options)
Opens or creates a file for writing, returning a BufferedWriter to write text to the file in an efficient manner.
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
try (final var writer = Files.newBufferedWriter(path)) {
writer.write("abcd");
writer.newLine();
writer.write("XYZ");
writer.newLine();
}
final var str = Files.readString(path);
System.out.print(str);
// Result
// ↓
//abcd
//XYZ
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
try (final var writer = Files.newBufferedWriter(path)) {
writer.write("abcd");
}
System.out.println(Files.readString(path)); // abcd
try (final var writer = Files.newBufferedWriter(path)) {
writer.write("XYZ");
}
System.out.println(Files.readString(path)); // XYZ
try (final var writer = Files.newBufferedWriter(path, StandardOpenOption.APPEND)) {
writer.write("1234");
}
System.out.println(Files.readString(path)); // XYZ1234
static SeekableByteChannel newByteChannel (Path path, OpenOption... options)
Opens or creates a file, returning a seekable byte channel to access the file.
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.data");
System.out.println(path);
System.out.println(Files.notExists(path)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//<No files / directories>
try (final var channel = Files.newByteChannel(path,
StandardOpenOption.CREATE_NEW, StandardOpenOption.WRITE)) {
final var src = ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[]{10, 20, 30});
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(src.array())); // [10, 20, 30]
System.out.println(channel.write(src)); // 3
}
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(Files.readAllBytes(path))); // [10, 20, 30]
try (final var channel = Files.newByteChannel(path, StandardOpenOption.READ)) {
final var dst = ByteBuffer.allocate(3);
System.out.println(channel.read(dst)); // 3
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(dst.array())); // [10, 20, 30]
}
static SeekableByteChannel newByteChannel (Path path, Set<? extends OpenOption> options, FileAttribute<?>... attrs)
Opens or creates a file, returning a seekable byte channel to access the file.
Please see below links.
- newByteChannel(Path path, OpenOption... options)
- An example of FileAttribute : createFile(Path path, FileAttribute<?>... attrs)
static DirectoryStream<Path> newDirectoryStream (Path dir)
Opens a directory, returning a DirectoryStream to iterate over all entries in the directory.
final var dir = Path.of("D:", "java-work");
System.out.println(dir); // D:\java-work
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//...
//D:.
// aaa.txt
// bbb.txt
// ccc.txt
try (final var stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(dir)) {
for (final var path : stream) {
System.out.println(path);
}
}
// Result
// ↓
//D:\java-work\aaa.txt
//D:\java-work\bbb.txt
//D:\java-work\ccc.txt
final var dir = Path.of("D:", "java-work");
System.out.println(dir); // D:\java-work
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//...
//D:.
//│ aaa1.txt
//│ aaa2.txt
//│
//└─dir
// bbb1.txt
// bbb2.txt
try (final var stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(dir)) {
for (final var path : stream) {
System.out.println(path);
}
}
// Result
// ↓
//D:\java-work\aaa1.txt
//D:\java-work\aaa2.txt
//D:\java-work\dir
final var nonExistentPath = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "xxx");
System.out.println(nonExistentPath); // D:\java-work\xxx
System.out.println(Files.notExists(nonExistentPath)); // true
try (final var stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(nonExistentPath)) {
} catch (NoSuchFileException e) {
System.out.println("NoSuchFileException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//NoSuchFileException!
static DirectoryStream<Path> newDirectoryStream (Path dir, String glob)
Opens a directory, returning a DirectoryStream to iterate over the entries in the directory.
Please see also : newDirectoryStream(Path dir)
final var dir = Path.of("D:", "java-work");
System.out.println(dir); // D:\java-work
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//...
//D:.
// aaa.txt
// bbb.txt
// Book.java
// Page.java
try (final var stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(dir, "*")) {
for (final var file : stream) {
System.out.println(file);
}
}
// Result
// ↓
//D:\java-work\aaa.txt
//D:\java-work\bbb.txt
//D:\java-work\Book.java
//D:\java-work\Page.java
try (final var stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(dir, "*.java")) {
for (final var file : stream) {
System.out.println(file);
}
}
// Result
// ↓
//D:\java-work\Book.java
//D:\java-work\Page.java
try (final var stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(dir, "b*")) {
for (final var file : stream) {
System.out.println(file);
}
}
// Result
// ↓
//D:\java-work\bbb.txt
//D:\java-work\Book.java
static DirectoryStream<Path> newDirectoryStream (Path dir, DirectoryStream.Filter<? super Path> filter)
Opens a directory, returning a DirectoryStream to iterate over the entries in the directory.
Please see also : newDirectoryStream(Path dir)
final var dir = Path.of("D:", "java-work");
System.out.println(dir); // D:\java-work
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//...
//D:.
// aaa.txt
// bbb.txt
// Book.java
// Page.java
try (final var stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(dir, (path) -> true)) {
for (final var path : stream) {
System.out.println(path);
}
}
// Result
// ↓
//D:\java-work\aaa.txt
//D:\java-work\bbb.txt
//D:\java-work\Book.java
//D:\java-work\Page.java
try (final var stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(dir, (path) -> path.toString().endsWith(".java"))) {
for (final var path : stream) {
System.out.println(path);
}
}
// Result
// ↓
//D:\java-work\Book.java
//D:\java-work\Page.java
static InputStream newInputStream (Path path, OpenOption... options)
Opens a file, returning an input stream to read from the file.
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
Files.write(path, new byte[]{10, 20, 30});
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//aaa.txt
try (final var inputStream = Files.newInputStream(path)) {
final var bytes = inputStream.readAllBytes();
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(bytes)); // [10, 20, 30]
}
final var target = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(target); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
final var link = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "link.txt");
System.out.println(link); // D:\java-work\link.txt
Files.write(target, new byte[]{10, 20, 30});
Files.createSymbolicLink(link, target);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//...
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//-a--- 2022/04/21 20:34 3 aaa.txt
//la--- 2022/04/21 20:34 0 link.txt -> D:\java-work\aaa.txt
try (final var inputStream = Files.newInputStream(target)) {
final var bytes = inputStream.readAllBytes();
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(bytes)); // [10, 20, 30]
}
try (final var inputStream = Files.newInputStream(link)) {
final var bytes = inputStream.readAllBytes();
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(bytes)); // [10, 20, 30]
}
try (final var inputStream = Files.newInputStream(link, LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS)) {
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
// Result
// ↓
//java.io.IOException: File is symbolic link
static OutputStream newOutputStream (Path path, OpenOption... options)
Opens or creates a file, returning an output stream that may be used to write bytes to the file.
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
try (final var outputStream = Files.newOutputStream(path)) {
outputStream.write(10);
outputStream.write(20);
outputStream.write(new byte[]{30, 40, 50});
}
final var bytes = Files.readAllBytes(path);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(bytes)); // [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
try (final var outputStream = Files.newOutputStream(path)) {
outputStream.write(10);
outputStream.write(20);
}
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(Files.readAllBytes(path))); // [10, 20]
try (final var outputStream = Files.newOutputStream(path)) {
outputStream.write(30);
outputStream.write(40);
}
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(Files.readAllBytes(path))); // [30, 40]
try (final var outputStream = Files.newOutputStream(path, StandardOpenOption.APPEND)) {
outputStream.write(50);
outputStream.write(60);
}
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(Files.readAllBytes(path))); // [30, 40, 50, 60]
static boolean notExists (Path path, LinkOption... options)
Tests whether the file located by this path does not exist.
final var dir = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "dir");
System.out.println(dir); // D:\java-work\dir
final var file = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(file); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
final var link = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "link.txt");
System.out.println(link); // D:\java-work\link.txt
final var nonExistentPath = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "xxx");
System.out.println(nonExistentPath); // D:\java-work\xxx
Files.createDirectory(dir);
Files.createFile(file);
Files.createSymbolicLink(link, nonExistentPath);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//...
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//d---- 2022/04/19 17:04 dir
//-a--- 2022/04/19 17:04 0 aaa.txt
//la--- 2022/04/19 17:04 0 link.txt -> D:\java-work\xxx
System.out.println(Files.isDirectory(dir)); // true
System.out.println(Files.notExists(dir)); // false
System.out.println(Files.isRegularFile(file)); // true
System.out.println(Files.notExists(file)); // false
System.out.println(Files.isSymbolicLink(link)); // true
System.out.println(Files.notExists(link)); // true
System.out.println(Files.notExists(link, LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS)); // false
System.out.println(Files.notExists(nonExistentPath)); // true
static String probeContentType (Path path)
Probes the content type of a file.
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//image.png
//index.html
//text.txt
//unknown.abc
final var imageFile = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "image.png");
System.out.println(Files.probeContentType(imageFile)); // "image/png"
final var htmlFile = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "index.html");
System.out.println(Files.probeContentType(htmlFile)); // "text/html"
final var textFile = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "text.txt");
System.out.println(Files.probeContentType(textFile)); // "text/plain"
final var unknownFile = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "unknown.abc");
System.out.println(Files.probeContentType(unknownFile)); // null
static byte[] readAllBytes (Path path)
Reads all the bytes from a file.
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
Files.write(path, new byte[]{10, 20, 30});
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//aaa.txt
final var ret = Files.readAllBytes(path);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(ret)); // [10, 20, 30]
static List<String> readAllLines (Path path)
Read all lines from a file.
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
Files.writeString(path, """
abcd
XYZ
12345
""");
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//aaa.txt
final var ret = Files.readAllLines(path);
System.out.println(ret); // [abcd, XYZ, 12345]
static List<String> readAllLines (Path path, Charset cs)
Read all lines from a file.
Please see also : readAllLines(Path path)
final var utf8 = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(utf8); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
Files.writeString(utf8, """
abcd
〇△□×
""", StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//aaa.txt
final var lines = Files.readAllLines(utf8, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
System.out.println(lines); // [abcd, 〇△□×]
try {
Files.readAllLines(utf8, Charset.forName("Shift_JIS"));
} catch (MalformedInputException e) {
System.out.println("MalformedInputException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//MalformedInputException!
final var sjis = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(sjis); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
Files.writeString(sjis, """
abcd
〇△□×
""", Charset.forName("Shift_JIS"));
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//aaa.txt
final var lines = Files.readAllLines(sjis, Charset.forName("Shift_JIS"));
System.out.println(lines); // [abcd, 〇△□×]
try {
Files.readAllLines(sjis, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
} catch (MalformedInputException e) {
System.out.println("MalformedInputException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//MalformedInputException!
static <A extends BasicFileAttributes> A readAttributes (Path path, Class<A> type, LinkOption... options)
Reads a file's attributes as a bulk operation.
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
Files.writeString(path, "abcd");
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls | Format-Table -Property Mode, Length, Name
//
//Mode Length Name
//---- ------ ----
//-a--- 4 aaa.txt
final var attrs = Files.readAttributes(path, BasicFileAttributes.class);
System.out.println(attrs.isDirectory()); // false
System.out.println(attrs.isRegularFile()); // true
System.out.println(attrs.size()); // 4
final var dir = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "dir");
System.out.println(dir); // D:\java-work\dir
Files.createDirectory(dir);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls | Format-Table -Property Mode, Name
//
//Mode Name
//---- ----
//d---- dir
final var attrs = Files.readAttributes(dir, BasicFileAttributes.class);
System.out.println(attrs.isDirectory()); // true
System.out.println(attrs.isRegularFile()); // false
final var target = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(target); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
final var link = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "link.txt");
System.out.println(link); // D:\java-work\link.txt
Files.createFile(target);
Files.createSymbolicLink(link, target);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//...
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//-a--- 2022/04/19 17:41 0 aaa.txt
//la--- 2022/04/19 17:41 0 link.txt -> D:\java-work\aaa.txt
final var attrs1 = Files.readAttributes(link, BasicFileAttributes.class);
System.out.println(attrs1.isSymbolicLink()); // false
final var attrs2 = Files.readAttributes(link, BasicFileAttributes.class, LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS);
System.out.println(attrs2.isSymbolicLink()); // true
final var readOnlyFile = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "read-only.txt");
System.out.println(readOnlyFile); // D:\java-work\read-only.txt
final var hiddenFile = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "hidden.txt");
System.out.println(hiddenFile); // D:\java-work\hidden.txt
Files.createFile(readOnlyFile);
Files.setAttribute(readOnlyFile, "dos:readonly", true);
Files.createFile(hiddenFile);
Files.setAttribute(hiddenFile, "dos:hidden", true);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Force | Format-Table -Property Mode, Name
//
//Mode Name
//---- ----
//-a-h- hidden.txt
//-ar-- read-only.txt
final var attrs1 = Files.readAttributes(readOnlyFile, DosFileAttributes.class);
System.out.println(attrs1.isHidden()); // false
System.out.println(attrs1.isReadOnly()); // true
final var attrs2 = Files.readAttributes(hiddenFile, DosFileAttributes.class);
System.out.println(attrs2.isHidden()); // true
System.out.println(attrs2.isReadOnly()); // false
static Map<String,Object> readAttributes (Path path, String attributes, LinkOption... options)
Reads a set of file attributes as a bulk operation.
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
Files.createFile(path);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls | Format-Table -Property Mode, Name
//
//Mode Name
//---- ----
//-a--- aaa.txt
final var file = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
final var attrs = Files.readAttributes(file, "*");
//{lastAccessTime=2022-04-19T09:14:32.0033232Z, lastModifiedTime=2022-04-19T09:14:32.0033232Z,
// size=0, creationTime=2022-04-19T09:08:20.7198244Z, isSymbolicLink=false, isRegularFile=true,
// fileKey=null, isOther=false, isDirectory=false}
System.out.println(attrs);
final var dir = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "dir");
System.out.println(dir); // D:\java-work\dir
Files.createDirectory(dir);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls | Format-Table -Property Mode, Name
//
//Mode Name
//---- ----
//d---- dir
final var attrs = Files.readAttributes(dir, "isRegularFile,isDirectory");
System.out.println(attrs); // {isRegularFile=false, isDirectory=true}
final var target = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(target); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
final var link = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "link.txt");
System.out.println(link); // D:\java-work\link.txt
Files.createFile(target);
Files.createSymbolicLink(link, target);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//...
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//-a--- 2022/04/19 17:41 0 aaa.txt
//la--- 2022/04/19 17:41 0 link.txt -> D:\java-work\aaa.txt
final var attrs1 = Files.readAttributes(link, "isRegularFile,isSymbolicLink");
System.out.println(attrs1); // {isSymbolicLink=false, isRegularFile=true}
final var attrs2 = Files.readAttributes(link, "isRegularFile,isSymbolicLink", LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS);
System.out.println(attrs2); // {isSymbolicLink=true, isRegularFile=false}
final var readOnlyFile = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "read-only.txt");
System.out.println(readOnlyFile); // D:\java-work\read-only.txt
final var hiddenFile = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "hidden.txt");
System.out.println(hiddenFile); // D:\java-work\hidden.txt
Files.createFile(readOnlyFile);
Files.setAttribute(readOnlyFile, "dos:readonly", true);
Files.createFile(hiddenFile);
Files.setAttribute(hiddenFile, "dos:hidden", true);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Force | Format-Table -Property Mode, Name
//
//Mode Name
//---- ----
//-a-h- hidden.txt
//-ar-- read-only.txt
final var attrs1 = Files.readAttributes(readOnlyFile, "dos:isRegularFile,hidden,readonly");
System.out.println(attrs1); // {readonly=true, hidden=false, isRegularFile=true}
final var attrs2 = Files.readAttributes(hiddenFile, "dos:isRegularFile,hidden,readonly");
System.out.println(attrs2); // {readonly=false, hidden=true, isRegularFile=true}
static String readString (Path path)
Reads all content from a file into a string, decoding from bytes to characters using the UTF-8 charset.
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
Files.writeString(path, """
abcd
XYZ
12345
""");
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//aaa.txt
final var ret = Files.readString(path);
System.out.println(ret);
// Result
// ↓
//abcd
//XYZ
//12345
static String readString (Path path, Charset cs)
Reads all characters from a file into a string, decoding from bytes to characters using the specified charset.
Please see also : readString(Path path)
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
Files.writeString(path, "〇△□×", Charset.forName("Shift_JIS"));
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Name
//aaa.txt
System.out.println(Files.readString(path, Charset.forName("Shift_JIS"))); // 〇△□×
try {
Files.readString(path, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
} catch (MalformedInputException e) {
System.out.println("MalformedInputException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//MalformedInputException!
static Path readSymbolicLink (Path link)
Reads the target of a symbolic link (optional operation).
final var target = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "target.txt");
System.out.println(target); // D:\java-work\target.txt
final var link = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "link.txt");
System.out.println(link); // D:\java-work\link.txt
Files.createFile(target);
Files.createSymbolicLink(link, target);
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//...
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//la--- 2022/04/20 17:12 0 link.txt -> D:\java-work\target.txt
//-a--- 2022/04/20 17:12 0 target.txt
System.out.println(Files.isRegularFile(link)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isSymbolicLink(link)); // true
System.out.println(Files.readSymbolicLink(link)); // aaa.txt
try {
System.out.println(Files.isRegularFile(target)); // true
System.out.println(Files.isSymbolicLink(target)); // false
Files.readSymbolicLink(target);
} catch (NotLinkException e) {
System.out.println("NotLinkException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//NotLinkException!
static Path setAttribute (Path path, String attribute, Object value, LinkOption... options)
Sets the value of a file attribute.
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
Files.createFile(path);
System.out.println(Files.isHidden(path)); // false
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Force | Format-Table -Property Mode, Name
//
//Mode Name
//---- ----
//-a--- aaa.txt
Files.setAttribute(path, "dos:hidden", true);
System.out.println(Files.isHidden(path)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Force | Format-Table -Property Mode, Name
//
//Mode Name
//---- ----
//-a-h- aaa.txt
final var target = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "target.txt");
System.out.println(target); // D:\java-work\target.txt
final var link = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "link.txt");
System.out.println(link); // D:\java-work\link.txt
Files.createFile(target);
Files.createSymbolicLink(link, target);
System.out.println(Files.isHidden(target)); // false
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Force
//...
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//la--- 2022/04/20 17:33 0 link.txt -> D:\java-work\target.txt
//-a--- 2022/04/20 17:33 0 target.txt
Files.setAttribute(link, "dos:hidden", true);
System.out.println(Files.isHidden(target)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Force
//...
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//la--- 2022/04/20 17:33 0 link.txt -> D:\java-work\target.txt
//-a-h- 2022/04/20 17:33 0 target.txt
Files.setAttribute(link, "dos:hidden", true, LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS);
System.out.println(Files.isHidden(target)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Force
//...
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//la-h- 2022/04/20 17:34 0 link.txt -> D:\java-work\target.txt
//-a-h- 2022/04/20 17:34 0 target.txt
static Path setLastModifiedTime (Path path, FileTime time)
Updates a file's last modified time attribute.
Please see getLastModifiedTime(Path path, LinkOption... options).
static Path setOwner (Path path, UserPrincipal owner)
Updates the file owner.
Please see getOwner(Path path, LinkOption... options).
static Path setPosixFilePermissions (Path path, Set<PosixFilePermission> perms)
Sets a file's POSIX permissions.
The following code runs on Linux.
System.out.println(System.getProperty("os.name")); // Linux
// --- Linux Terminal ---
//$ ls -l sample.sh
//-rw-rw-r-- 1 xxxx xxxx 0 Apr 21 18:24 sample.sh
final var path = Path.of("sample.sh");
final var permissions = Files.getPosixFilePermissions(path);
System.out.println(PosixFilePermissions.toString(permissions)); // rw-rw-r--
final var newPermissions = PosixFilePermissions.fromString("rwxr-xr--");
final var ret = Files.setPosixFilePermissions(path, newPermissions);
System.out.println(ret); // sample.sh
// --- Linux Terminal ---
//$ ls -l sample.sh
//-rwxr-xr-- 1 xxxx xxxx 0 Apr 21 18:24 sample.sh
static long size (Path path)
Returns the size of a file (in bytes).
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//...
//D:.
//│ aaa.txt
//│ bbb.txt
//│
//└─dir
// ccc.txt
//
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Recurse
//
// Directory: D:\java-work
//
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//d---- 2022/04/20 18:14 dir
//-a--- 2022/04/20 18:14 5 aaa.txt
//-a--- 2022/04/20 18:14 1000 bbb.txt
//
// Directory: D:\java-work\dir
//
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//-a--- 2022/04/20 18:14 12 ccc.txt
final var file1 = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(file1); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
System.out.println(Files.size(file1)); // 5
final var file2 = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "bbb.txt");
System.out.println(file2); // D:\java-work\bbb.txt
System.out.println(Files.size(file2)); // 1000
final var dir = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "dir");
System.out.println(dir); // D:\java-work\dir
System.out.println(Files.size(dir)); // 0
final var nonExistentPath = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "xxx");
System.out.println(nonExistentPath); // D:\java-work\xxx
System.out.println(Files.notExists(nonExistentPath)); // true
try {
Files.size(nonExistentPath);
} catch (NoSuchFileException e) {
System.out.println("NoSuchFileException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//NoSuchFileException!
static Stream<Path> walk (Path start, int maxDepth, FileVisitOption... options)
Return a Stream that is lazily populated with Path by walking the file tree rooted at a given starting file.
Please see also : walk(Path start, FileVisitOption... options)
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//...
//D:.
//│ aaa.txt
//│ bbb.txt
//│
//├─dir1
//│ │ ccc.txt
//│ │ ddd.txt
//│ │
//│ └─dir1-2
//│ eee.txt
//│ fff.txt
//│
//└─dir2
// ggg.txt
// hhh.txt
final var start = Path.of("D:", "java-work");
System.out.println(start); // D:\java-work
System.out.println("maxDepth : 3");
try (final var stream = Files.walk(start, 3)) {
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
}
// Result
// ↓
//maxDepth : 3
//D:\java-work
//D:\java-work\aaa.txt
//D:\java-work\bbb.txt
//D:\java-work\dir1
//D:\java-work\dir1\ccc.txt
//D:\java-work\dir1\ddd.txt
//D:\java-work\dir1\dir1-2
//D:\java-work\dir1\dir1-2\eee.txt
//D:\java-work\dir1\dir1-2\fff.txt
//D:\java-work\dir2
//D:\java-work\dir2\ggg.txt
//D:\java-work\dir2\hhh.txt
System.out.println("maxDepth : 2");
try (final var stream = Files.walk(start, 2)) {
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
}
// Result
// ↓
//maxDepth : 2
//D:\java-work
//D:\java-work\aaa.txt
//D:\java-work\bbb.txt
//D:\java-work\dir1
//D:\java-work\dir1\ccc.txt
//D:\java-work\dir1\ddd.txt
//D:\java-work\dir1\dir1-2
//D:\java-work\dir2
//D:\java-work\dir2\ggg.txt
//D:\java-work\dir2\hhh.txt
System.out.println("maxDepth : 1");
try (final var stream = Files.walk(start, 1)) {
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
}
// Result
// ↓
//maxDepth : 1
//D:\java-work
//D:\java-work\aaa.txt
//D:\java-work\bbb.txt
//D:\java-work\dir1
//D:\java-work\dir2
System.out.println("maxDepth : 0");
try (final var stream = Files.walk(start, 0)) {
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
}
// Result
// ↓
//maxDepth : 0
//D:\java-work
static Stream<Path> walk (Path start, FileVisitOption... options)
Return a Stream that is lazily populated with Path by walking the file tree rooted at a given starting file.
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//...
//D:.
//│ aaa.txt
//│ bbb.txt
//│
//├─dir1
//│ │ ccc.txt
//│ │ ddd.txt
//│ │
//│ └─dir1-2
//│ eee.txt
//│ fff.txt
//│
//└─dir2
// ggg.txt
// hhh.txt
final var start = Path.of("D:", "java-work");
System.out.println(start); // D:\java-work
try (final var stream = Files.walk(start)) {
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
}
// Result
// ↓
//D:\java-work
//D:\java-work\aaa.txt
//D:\java-work\bbb.txt
//D:\java-work\dir1
//D:\java-work\dir1\ccc.txt
//D:\java-work\dir1\ddd.txt
//D:\java-work\dir1\dir1-2
//D:\java-work\dir1\dir1-2\eee.txt
//D:\java-work\dir1\dir1-2\fff.txt
//D:\java-work\dir2
//D:\java-work\dir2\ggg.txt
//D:\java-work\dir2\hhh.txt
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//...
//D:.
//├─dir
//│ aaa.txt
//│ bbb.txt
//│
//└─link-dir
// aaa.txt
// bbb.txt
//
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//
// Directory: D:\java-work
//
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//d---- 2022/04/20 18:41 dir
//l---- 2022/04/20 18:41 link-dir -> D:\java-work\dir
final var start = Path.of("D:", "java-work");
System.out.println(start); // D:\java-work
try (final var stream = Files.walk(start)) {
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
}
// Result
// ↓
//D:\java-work
//D:\java-work\dir
//D:\java-work\dir\aaa.txt
//D:\java-work\dir\bbb.txt
//D:\java-work\link-dir
System.out.println("FileVisitOption : FOLLOW_LINKS");
try (final var stream = Files.walk(start, FileVisitOption.FOLLOW_LINKS)) {
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
}
// Result
// ↓
//FileVisitOption : FOLLOW_LINKS
//D:\java-work
//D:\java-work\dir
//D:\java-work\dir\aaa.txt
//D:\java-work\dir\bbb.txt
//D:\java-work\link-dir
//D:\java-work\link-dir\aaa.txt
//D:\java-work\link-dir\bbb.txt
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//...
//D:.
//└─dir
// │ aaa.txt
// │ bbb.txt
// │
// └─link-parent-dir
// │ aaa.txt
// │ bbb.txt
// │
// └─link-parent-dir
// │ aaa.txt
// │ bbb.txt
// ...
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Recurse
//
// Directory: D:\java-work
//
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//d---- 2022/04/20 19:01 dir
//
// Directory: D:\java-work\dir
//
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//l---- 2022/04/20 19:01 link-parent-dir -> D:\java-work\dir
//-a--- 2022/04/20 19:01 0 aaa.txt
//-a--- 2022/04/20 19:01 0 bbb.txt
final var start = Path.of("D:", "java-work");
System.out.println(start); // D:\java-work
try (final var stream = Files.walk(start)) {
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
}
// Result
// ↓
//D:\java-work
//D:\java-work\dir
//D:\java-work\dir\aaa.txt
//D:\java-work\dir\bbb.txt
//D:\java-work\dir\link-parent-dir
System.out.println("FileVisitOption : FOLLOW_LINKS");
try (final var stream = Files.walk(start, FileVisitOption.FOLLOW_LINKS)) {
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
} catch (UncheckedIOException e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
// Result
// ↓
//FileVisitOption : FOLLOW_LINKS
//D:\java-work
//D:\java-work\dir
//D:\java-work\dir\aaa.txt
//D:\java-work\dir\bbb.txt
//java.io.UncheckedIOException: java.nio.file.FileSystemLoopException
final var start = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "xxx");
System.out.println(start); // D:\java-work\xxx
System.out.println(Files.notExists(start)); // true
try (final var stream = Files.walk(start)) {
} catch (NoSuchFileException e) {
System.out.println("NoSuchFileException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//NoSuchFileException!
static Path walkFileTree (Path start, FileVisitor<? super Path> visitor)
Walks a file tree.
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//...
//D:.
//│ aaa.txt
//│ bbb.txt
//│
//├─dir1
//│ │ ccc.txt
//│ │ ddd.txt
//│ │
//│ └─dir1-2
//│ eee.txt
//│ fff.txt
//│
//└─dir2
// ggg.txt
// hhh.txt
final var start = Path.of("D:", "java-work");
System.out.println(start); // D:\java-work
System.out.println("-- start --");
final var ret1 = Files.walkFileTree(start, new FileVisitor<>() {
@Override
public FileVisitResult preVisitDirectory(Path dir, BasicFileAttributes attrs) {
System.out.println("preVisitDirectory : " + dir);
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs) {
System.out.println("visitFile : " + file);
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult visitFileFailed(Path file, IOException exc) {
System.out.println("visitFileFailed : " + file);
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult postVisitDirectory(Path dir, IOException exc) {
System.out.println("postVisitDirectory : " + dir);
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
});
System.out.println("ret : " + ret1);
// Result
// ↓
//-- start --
//preVisitDirectory : D:\java-work
//visitFile : D:\java-work\aaa.txt
//visitFile : D:\java-work\bbb.txt
//preVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\dir1
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir1\ccc.txt
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir1\ddd.txt
//preVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\dir1\dir1-2
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir1\dir1-2\eee.txt
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir1\dir1-2\fff.txt
//postVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\dir1\dir1-2
//postVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\dir1
//preVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\dir2
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir2\ggg.txt
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir2\hhh.txt
//postVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\dir2
//postVisitDirectory : D:\java-work
//ret : D:\java-work
System.out.println("-- start --");
final var ret2 = Files.walkFileTree(start, new FileVisitor<>() {
@Override
public FileVisitResult preVisitDirectory(Path dir, BasicFileAttributes attrs) {
System.out.println("preVisitDirectory : " + dir);
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs) {
System.out.println("visitFile : " + file);
if (Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt").equals(file)) {
return FileVisitResult.SKIP_SIBLINGS;
}
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult visitFileFailed(Path file, IOException exc) {
System.out.println("visitFileFailed : " + file);
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult postVisitDirectory(Path dir, IOException exc) {
System.out.println("postVisitDirectory : " + dir);
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
});
System.out.println("ret : " + ret2);
// Result
// ↓
//-- start --
//preVisitDirectory : D:\java-work
//visitFile : D:\java-work\aaa.txt
//postVisitDirectory : D:\java-work
//ret : D:\java-work
System.out.println("-- start --");
final var ret3 = Files.walkFileTree(start, new FileVisitor<>() {
@Override
public FileVisitResult preVisitDirectory(Path dir, BasicFileAttributes attrs) {
System.out.println("preVisitDirectory : " + dir);
if (Path.of("D:", "java-work", "dir1").equals(dir)) {
return FileVisitResult.SKIP_SUBTREE;
}
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs) {
System.out.println("visitFile : " + file);
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult visitFileFailed(Path file, IOException exc) {
System.out.println("visitFileFailed : " + file);
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult postVisitDirectory(Path dir, IOException exc) {
System.out.println("postVisitDirectory : " + dir);
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
});
System.out.println("ret : " + ret3);
// Result
// ↓
//-- start --
//preVisitDirectory : D:\java-work
//visitFile : D:\java-work\aaa.txt
//visitFile : D:\java-work\bbb.txt
//preVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\dir1
//preVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\dir2
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir2\ggg.txt
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir2\hhh.txt
//postVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\dir2
//postVisitDirectory : D:\java-work
//ret : D:\java-work
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//...
//D:.
//├─dir1
//└─dir2
// aaa.txt
//
//PS D:\java-work> ls | Get-Acl
//...
//Path Owner Access
//---- ----- ------
//dir1 MY-PC\test-user BUILTIN\Administrators Deny ReadData…
//dir2 MY-PC\test-user BUILTIN\Administrators Allow FullControl…
final var start = Path.of("D:", "java-work");
System.out.println(start); // D:\java-work
System.out.println("-- start --");
final var ret = Files.walkFileTree(start, new FileVisitor<>() {
@Override
public FileVisitResult preVisitDirectory(Path dir, BasicFileAttributes attrs) {
System.out.println("preVisitDirectory : " + dir);
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs) {
System.out.println("visitFile : " + file);
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult visitFileFailed(Path file, IOException exc) {
System.out.println("visitFileFailed : " + file);
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult postVisitDirectory(Path dir, IOException exc) {
System.out.println("postVisitDirectory : " + dir);
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
});
System.out.println("ret : " + ret);
// Result
// ↓
//-- start --
//preVisitDirectory : D:\java-work
//visitFileFailed : D:\java-work\dir1
//preVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\dir2
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir2\aaa.txt
//postVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\dir2
//postVisitDirectory : D:\java-work
//ret : D:\java-work
static Path walkFileTree (Path start, Set<FileVisitOption> options, int maxDepth, FileVisitor<? super Path> visitor)
Walks a file tree.
Please see also : walkFileTree(Path start, FileVisitor<? super Path> visitor)
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//...
//D:.
//│ aaa.txt
//│ bbb.txt
//│
//├─dir1
//│ │ ccc.txt
//│ │ ddd.txt
//│ │
//│ └─dir1-2
//│ eee.txt
//│ fff.txt
//│
//└─dir2
// ggg.txt
// hhh.txt
final var start = Path.of("D:", "java-work");
System.out.println(start); // D:\java-work
final var visitor = new FileVisitor<Path>() {
@Override
public FileVisitResult preVisitDirectory(Path dir, BasicFileAttributes attrs) {
System.out.println("preVisitDirectory : " + dir);
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs) {
System.out.println("visitFile : " + file);
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult visitFileFailed(Path file, IOException exc) {
System.out.println("visitFileFailed : " + file);
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult postVisitDirectory(Path dir, IOException exc) {
System.out.println("postVisitDirectory : " + dir);
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
};
System.out.println("maxDepth : 3");
final var ret1 = Files.walkFileTree(start, Collections.emptySet(), 3, visitor);
System.out.println("ret : " + ret1);
// Result
// ↓
//maxDepth : 3
//preVisitDirectory : D:\java-work
//visitFile : D:\java-work\aaa.txt
//visitFile : D:\java-work\bbb.txt
//preVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\dir1
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir1\ccc.txt
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir1\ddd.txt
//preVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\dir1\dir1-2
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir1\dir1-2\eee.txt
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir1\dir1-2\fff.txt
//postVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\dir1\dir1-2
//postVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\dir1
//preVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\dir2
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir2\ggg.txt
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir2\hhh.txt
//postVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\dir2
//postVisitDirectory : D:\java-work
//ret : D:\java-work
System.out.println("maxDepth : 2");
final var ret2 = Files.walkFileTree(start, Collections.emptySet(), 2, visitor);
System.out.println("ret : " + ret2);
// Result
// ↓
//maxDepth : 2
//preVisitDirectory : D:\java-work
//visitFile : D:\java-work\aaa.txt
//visitFile : D:\java-work\bbb.txt
//preVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\dir1
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir1\ccc.txt
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir1\ddd.txt
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir1\dir1-2
//postVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\dir1
//preVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\dir2
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir2\ggg.txt
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir2\hhh.txt
//postVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\dir2
//postVisitDirectory : D:\java-work
//ret : D:\java-work
System.out.println("maxDepth : 1");
final var ret3 = Files.walkFileTree(start, Collections.emptySet(), 1, visitor);
System.out.println("ret : " + ret3);
// Result
// ↓
//maxDepth : 1
//preVisitDirectory : D:\java-work
//visitFile : D:\java-work\aaa.txt
//visitFile : D:\java-work\bbb.txt
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir1
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir2
//postVisitDirectory : D:\java-work
//ret : D:\java-work
System.out.println("maxDepth : 0");
final var ret = Files.walkFileTree(start, Collections.emptySet(), 0, visitor);
System.out.println("ret : " + ret);
// Result
// ↓
//maxDepth : 0
//visitFile : D:\java-work
//ret : D:\java-work
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//...
//D:.
//├─dir
//│ aaa.txt
//│ bbb.txt
//│
//└─link-dir
// aaa.txt
// bbb.txt
//
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//
// Directory: D:\java-work
//
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//d---- 2022/04/20 18:41 dir
//l---- 2022/04/20 18:41 link-dir -> D:\java-work\dir
final var start = Path.of("D:", "java-work");
System.out.println(start); // D:\java-work
final var visitor = new FileVisitor<Path>() {
@Override
public FileVisitResult preVisitDirectory(Path dir, BasicFileAttributes attrs) {
System.out.println("preVisitDirectory : " + dir);
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs) {
System.out.println("visitFile : " + file);
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult visitFileFailed(Path file, IOException exc) {
System.out.println("visitFileFailed : " + file);
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult postVisitDirectory(Path dir, IOException exc) {
System.out.println("postVisitDirectory : " + dir);
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
};
final var ret1 = Files.walkFileTree(start, Collections.emptySet(), Integer.MAX_VALUE, visitor);
System.out.println("ret : " + ret1);
// Result
// ↓
//preVisitDirectory : D:\java-work
//preVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\dir
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir\aaa.txt
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir\bbb.txt
//postVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\dir
//visitFile : D:\java-work\link-dir
//postVisitDirectory : D:\java-work
//ret : D:\java-work
System.out.println("FileVisitOption : FOLLOW_LINKS");
final var ret2 = Files.walkFileTree(start, Set.of(FileVisitOption.FOLLOW_LINKS), Integer.MAX_VALUE, visitor);
System.out.println("ret : " + ret2);
// Result
// ↓
//FileVisitOption : FOLLOW_LINKS
//preVisitDirectory : D:\java-work
//preVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\dir
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir\aaa.txt
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir\bbb.txt
//postVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\dir
//preVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\link-dir
//visitFile : D:\java-work\link-dir\aaa.txt
//visitFile : D:\java-work\link-dir\bbb.txt
//postVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\link-dir
//postVisitDirectory : D:\java-work
//ret : D:\java-work
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> tree /F
//...
//D:.
//└─dir
// │ aaa.txt
// │ bbb.txt
// │
// └─link-parent-dir
// │ aaa.txt
// │ bbb.txt
// │
// └─link-parent-dir
// │ aaa.txt
// │ bbb.txt
// ...
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls -Recurse
//
// Directory: D:\java-work
//
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//d---- 2022/04/20 19:01 dir
//
// Directory: D:\java-work\dir
//
//Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
//---- ------------- ------ ----
//l---- 2022/04/20 19:01 link-parent-dir -> D:\java-work\dir
//-a--- 2022/04/20 19:01 0 aaa.txt
//-a--- 2022/04/20 19:01 0 bbb.txt
final var start = Path.of("D:", "java-work");
System.out.println(start);
final var visitor = new FileVisitor<Path>() {
@Override
public FileVisitResult preVisitDirectory(Path dir, BasicFileAttributes attrs) {
System.out.println("preVisitDirectory : " + dir);
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs) {
System.out.println("visitFile : " + file);
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult visitFileFailed(Path file, IOException exc) {
System.out.println("visitFileFailed : " + file);
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
@Override
public FileVisitResult postVisitDirectory(Path dir, IOException exc) {
System.out.println("postVisitDirectory : " + dir);
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}
};
final var ret = Files.walkFileTree(start, Set.of(FileVisitOption.FOLLOW_LINKS), Integer.MAX_VALUE, visitor);
System.out.println("ret : " + ret);
// Result
// ↓
//preVisitDirectory : D:\java-work
//preVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\dir
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir\aaa.txt
//visitFile : D:\java-work\dir\bbb.txt
//visitFileFailed : D:\java-work\dir\link-parent-dir
//postVisitDirectory : D:\java-work\dir
//postVisitDirectory : D:\java-work
//ret : D:\java-work
static Path write (Path path, byte[] bytes, OpenOption... options)
Writes bytes to a file.
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.data");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\aaa.data
System.out.println(Files.notExists(path)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//<No files / directories>
final byte[] bytes1 = {0, 1, 2};
System.out.println(Files.write(path, bytes1)); // D:\java-work\aaa.data
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(Files.readAllBytes(path))); // [0, 1, 2]
final byte[] bytes2 = {3, 4, 5};
System.out.println(Files.write(path, bytes2)); // D:\java-work\aaa.data
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(Files.readAllBytes(path))); // [3, 4, 5]
final byte[] bytes3 = {6, 7, 8};
System.out.println(Files.write(path, bytes3, StandardOpenOption.APPEND)); // D:\java-work\aaa.data
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(Files.readAllBytes(path))); // [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
static Path write (Path path, Iterable<? extends CharSequence> lines, Charset cs, OpenOption... options)
Write lines of text to a file.
Please see also : write(Path path, Iterable<? extends CharSequence> lines, OpenOption... options)
final var sjis = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(sjis); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
System.out.println(Files.notExists(sjis)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//<No files / directories>
final var ret1 = Files.write(sjis, List.of("〇", "△", "□"), Charset.forName("Shift_JIS"));
System.out.println(ret1); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
System.out.println(Files.readAllLines(sjis, Charset.forName("Shift_JIS"))); // [〇, △, □]
try {
Files.readAllLines(sjis, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
} catch (MalformedInputException e) {
System.out.println("MalformedInputException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//MalformedInputException!
static Path write (Path path, Iterable<? extends CharSequence> lines, OpenOption... options)
Write lines of text to a file.
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
System.out.println(Files.notExists(path)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//<No files / directories>
final var ret1 = Files.write(path, List.of("aaa", "bbb", "ccc"));
System.out.println(ret1); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
System.out.println(Files.readAllLines(path)); // [aaa, bbb, ccc]
final var ret2 = Files.write(path, List.of("ddd", "eee", "fff"));
System.out.println(ret2); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
System.out.println(Files.readAllLines(path)); // [ddd, eee, fff]
final var ret3 = Files.write(path, List.of("XXX", "YYY", "ZZZ"), StandardOpenOption.APPEND);
System.out.println(ret3); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
System.out.println(Files.readAllLines(path)); // // [ddd, eee, fff, XXX, YYY, ZZZ]
static Path writeString (Path path, CharSequence csq, Charset cs, OpenOption... options)
Write a CharSequence to a file.
Please see also : writeString(Path path, CharSequence csq, OpenOption... options)
final var sjis = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(sjis); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
System.out.println(Files.notExists(sjis)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//<No files / directories>
final var ret = Files.writeString(sjis, "〇△□×", Charset.forName("Shift_JIS"));
System.out.println(ret); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
System.out.println(Files.readString(sjis, Charset.forName("Shift_JIS"))); // 〇△□×
try {
Files.readString(sjis, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
} catch (MalformedInputException e) {
System.out.println("MalformedInputException!");
}
// Result
// ↓
//MalformedInputException!
static Path writeString (Path path, CharSequence csq, OpenOption... options)
Write a CharSequence to a file.
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
System.out.println(Files.notExists(path)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//<No files / directories>
final var ret1 = Files.writeString(path, "abc");
System.out.println(ret1); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
System.out.println(Files.readString(path)); // abc
final var ret2 = Files.writeString(path, "def");
System.out.println(ret2); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
System.out.println(Files.readString(path)); // def
final var ret3 = Files.writeString(path, "XYZ", StandardOpenOption.APPEND);
System.out.println(ret3); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
System.out.println(Files.readString(path)); // defXYZ
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
System.out.println(Files.notExists(path)); // true
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
//<No files / directories>
final var csq = """
abcd
XYZ
12345
""";
final var ret = Files.writeString(path, csq);
System.out.println(ret); // D:\java-work\aaa.txt
System.out.println(Files.readAllLines(path)); // [abcd, XYZ, 12345]