Java : Path with Examples

final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "sample.txt");
System.out.println(path); // "D:\java-work\sample.txt"

System.out.println(Files.exists(path)); // false

Files.writeString(path, """
        aaa
        bbb
        ccc
        """);

System.out.println(Files.exists(path)); // true

final var str = Files.readString(path);
System.out.println(str);

// Result
// ↓
//aaa
//bbb
//ccc

int compareTo (Path other)

Compares two abstract paths lexicographically.

System.out.println(System.getProperty("os.name")); // Windows 10

// Filename comparisons are case-insensitive on Windows.
final var path1 = Path.of("aaa.txt");
final var path2 = Path.of("AAA.txt");

System.out.println(path1); // "aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path2); // "AAA.txt"
System.out.println(path1.compareTo(path2)); // 0

final var path1 = Path.of("aaa.txt");
final var path2 = Path.of("bbb.txt");

System.out.println(path1); // "aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path2); // "bbb.txt"
System.out.println(path1.compareTo(path2)); // -1
System.out.println(path2.compareTo(path1)); // 1

final var path1 = Path.of("12.txt");
final var path2 = Path.of("123.txt");

System.out.println(path1); // "12.txt"
System.out.println(path2); // "123.txt"
System.out.println(path1.compareTo(path2)); // -5
System.out.println(path2.compareTo(path1)); // 5

final var path1 = Path.of("99.jpg");
final var path2 = Path.of("123.jpg");

System.out.println(path1); // "99.jpg"
System.out.println(path2); // "123.jpg"
System.out.println(path1.compareTo(path2)); // 8
System.out.println(path2.compareTo(path1)); // -8

final var path1 = Path.of("dir1", "a.txt");
final var path2 = Path.of("dir1", "b.txt");
final var path3 = Path.of("dir2", "a.txt");
final var path4 = Path.of("dir2", "b.txt");

System.out.println(path1); // "dir1\a.txt"
System.out.println(path2); // "dir1\b.txt"
System.out.println(path3); // "dir2\a.txt"
System.out.println(path4); // "dir2\b.txt"

System.out.println(path1.compareTo(path2)); // -1
System.out.println(path1.compareTo(path3)); // -1
System.out.println(path1.compareTo(path4)); // -1

System.out.println(path2.compareTo(path1)); // 1
System.out.println(path2.compareTo(path3)); // -1
System.out.println(path2.compareTo(path4)); // -1

System.out.println(path3.compareTo(path1)); // 1
System.out.println(path3.compareTo(path2)); // 1
System.out.println(path3.compareTo(path4)); // -1

System.out.println(path4.compareTo(path1)); // 1
System.out.println(path4.compareTo(path2)); // 1
System.out.println(path4.compareTo(path3)); // 1

final var path1 = Path.of("dir");
final var path2 = Path.of("dir", "a.txt");

System.out.println(path1); // "dir"
System.out.println(path2); // "dir\a.txt"
System.out.println(path1.compareTo(path2)); // -6
System.out.println(path2.compareTo(path1)); // 6

final var path1 = Path.of("dir", "a.txt");
final var path2 = Path.of("dir", "dir2", "..", "a.txt");

System.out.println(path1); // "dir\a.txt"
System.out.println(path2); // "dir\dir2\..\a.txt"
System.out.println(path1.compareTo(path2)); // -3
System.out.println(path2.compareTo(path1)); // 3

final var path3 = path2.normalize();
System.out.println(path3); // "dir\a.txt"
System.out.println(path1.compareTo(path3)); // 0

default boolean endsWith (String other)

Tests if this path ends with a Path, constructed by converting the given path string, in exactly the manner specified by the endsWith(Path) method.

final var path = Path.of("foo", "bar");
System.out.println(path); // "foo\bar"

System.out.println(path.endsWith("r")); // false
System.out.println(path.endsWith("ar")); // false
System.out.println(path.endsWith("bar")); // true
System.out.println(path.endsWith("\\bar")); // false
System.out.println(path.endsWith("o\\bar")); // false
System.out.println(path.endsWith("oo\\bar")); // false
System.out.println(path.endsWith("foo\\bar")); // true
System.out.println(path.endsWith("Zfoo\\bar")); // false

boolean endsWith (Path other)

Tests if this path ends with the given path.

final var path = Path.of("foo", "bar");
System.out.println(path); // "foo\bar"

System.out.println(path.endsWith(Path.of("r"))); // false
System.out.println(path.endsWith(Path.of("ar"))); // false
System.out.println(path.endsWith(Path.of("bar"))); // true
System.out.println(path.endsWith(Path.of("o", "bar"))); // false
System.out.println(path.endsWith(Path.of("oo", "bar"))); // false
System.out.println(path.endsWith(Path.of("foo", "bar"))); // true
System.out.println(path.endsWith(Path.of("Z", "foo", "bar"))); // false

boolean equals (Object other)

Tests this path for equality with the given object.

System.out.println(System.getProperty("os.name")); // Windows 10

final var path = Path.of("aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // "aaa.txt"

// Filename comparisons are case-insensitive on Windows.
System.out.println(path.equals(Path.of("aaa.txt"))); // true
System.out.println(path.equals(Path.of("AAA.TXT"))); // true
System.out.println(path.equals(Path.of("bbb.txt"))); // false

final var path = Path.of("dir", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // "dir\aaa.txt"

System.out.println(path.equals(Path.of("dir", "aaa.txt"))); // true
System.out.println(path.equals(Path.of("DIR", "AAA.TXT"))); // true
System.out.println(path.equals(Path.of("aaa.txt"))); // false
System.out.println(path.equals(Path.of("dir"))); // false
System.out.println(path.equals(Path.of("dir", "bbb.txt"))); // false
System.out.println(path.equals(Path.of("xxx", "aaa.txt"))); // false

Path getFileName ()

Returns the name of the file or directory denoted by this path as a Path object.

final var path1 = Path.of("dir");
System.out.println(path1); // "dir"
System.out.println(path1.getFileName()); // "dir"

final var path2 = Path.of("dir", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path2); // "dir\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path2.getFileName()); // "aaa.txt"

final var path3 = Path.of("dir", "dir2", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path3); // "dir\dir2\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path3.getFileName()); // "aaa.txt"

final var path4 = Path.of("D:");
System.out.println(path4); // "D:"
System.out.println(path4.getFileName()); // null

final var path5 = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path5); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path5.getFileName()); // "aaa.txt"

final var path6 = Path.of("..");
System.out.println(path6); // ".."
System.out.println(path6.getFileName()); // ".."

FileSystem getFileSystem ()

Returns the file system that created this object.

Please see also : FileSystem (Java SE 21 & JDK 21)

System.out.println(System.getProperty("os.name")); // Windows 10

final var path = Path.of("aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // "aaa.txt"

final var fileSystem = path.getFileSystem();
System.out.println(fileSystem); // sun.nio.fs.WindowsFileSystem@2657d4dd

Path getName (int index)

Returns a name element of this path as a Path object.

final var path1 = Path.of("dir1", "dir2", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path1); // "dir1\dir2\aaa.txt"

//path1.getName(-1); // IllegalArgumentException
System.out.println(path1.getName(0)); // "dir1"
System.out.println(path1.getName(1)); // "dir2"
System.out.println(path1.getName(2)); // "aaa.txt"
//path1.getName(3); // IllegalArgumentException

final var path2 = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path2); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path2.getName(0)); // "java-work"
System.out.println(path2.getName(1)); // "aaa.txt"
//path2.getName(2); // IllegalArgumentException

final var path3 = Path.of("aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path3); // "aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path3.getName(0)); // "aaa.txt"

final var path4 = Path.of("dir", "..", ".", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path4); // "dir\..\.\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path4.getName(0)); // "dir"
System.out.println(path4.getName(1)); // ".."
System.out.println(path4.getName(2)); // "."
System.out.println(path4.getName(3)); // "aaa.txt"

int getNameCount ()

Returns the number of name elements in the path.

final var path1 = Path.of("dir1", "dir2", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path1); // "dir1\dir2\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path1.getNameCount()); // 3

final var path2 = Path.of("D:");
System.out.println(path2); // "D:"
System.out.println(path2.getNameCount()); // 0

final var path3 = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path3); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path3.getNameCount()); // 2

final var path4 = Path.of("aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path4); // "aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path4.getNameCount()); // 1

final var path5 = Path.of("dir", "..", ".", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path5); // "dir\..\.\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path5.getNameCount()); // 4

Path getParent ()

Returns the parent path, or null if this path does not have a parent.

final var path1 = Path.of("dir1", "dir2", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path1); // "dir1\dir2\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path1.getParent()); // "dir1\dir2"
System.out.println(path1.getParent().getParent()); // "dir1"
System.out.println(path1.getParent().getParent().getParent()); // null

final var path2 = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path2); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path2.getParent()); // "D:\java-work"
System.out.println(path2.getParent().getParent()); // "D:\"
System.out.println(path2.getParent().getParent().getParent()); // null

final var path3 = Path.of("aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path3); // "aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path3.getParent()); // null

final var path4 = Path.of("dir", "..", ".", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path4); // "dir\..\.\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path4.getParent()); // "dir\..\."
System.out.println(path4.getParent().getParent()); // "dir\.."
System.out.println(path4.getParent().getParent().getParent()); // "dir"
System.out.println(path4.getParent().getParent().getParent().getParent()); // null

Path getRoot ()

Returns the root component of this path as a Path object, or null if this path does not have a root component.

final var path1 = Path.of("dir1", "dir2", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path1); // "dir1\dir2\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path1.getRoot()); // null

final var path2 = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path2); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path2.getRoot()); // "D:\"

final var path3 = Path.of("aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path3); // "aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path3.getRoot()); // null

final var path4 = Path.of("dir", "..", ".", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path4); // "dir\..\.\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path4.getRoot()); // null

int hashCode ()

Computes a hash code for this path.

System.out.println(System.getProperty("os.name")); // Windows 10

// Filename comparisons are case-insensitive on Windows.
System.out.println(Path.of("aaa.txt").hashCode()); // -519425277
System.out.println(Path.of("AAA.TXT").hashCode()); // -519425277

System.out.println(Path.of("dir1", "dir2", "aaa.txt").hashCode()); // 1707759364
System.out.println(Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt").hashCode()); // 1186026781

boolean isAbsolute ()

Tells whether or not this path is absolute.

final var path1 = Path.of("dir1", "dir2", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path1); // "dir1\dir2\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path1.isAbsolute()); // false

final var path2 = Path.of("D:");
System.out.println(path2); // "D:"
System.out.println(path2.isAbsolute()); // false

final var path3 = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path3); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path3.isAbsolute()); // true

final var path4 = Path.of("aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path4); // "aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path4.isAbsolute()); // false

final var path5 = Path.of("dir", "..", ".", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path5); // "dir\..\.\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path5.isAbsolute()); // false

default Iterator<Path> iterator ()

Returns an iterator over the name elements of this path.

final var path = Path.of("dir1", "dir2", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // "dir1\dir2\aaa.txt"

final var it = path.iterator();

System.out.println("-- forEachRemaining --");
it.forEachRemaining(System.out::println);

// Result
// ↓
//-- forEachRemaining --
//dir1
//dir2
//aaa.txt

final var path = Path.of("D:");
System.out.println(path); // "D:"

final var it = path.iterator();

System.out.println("-- forEachRemaining --");
it.forEachRemaining(System.out::println);

// Result
// ↓
//-- forEachRemaining --

final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"

final var it = path.iterator();

System.out.println("-- forEachRemaining --");
it.forEachRemaining(System.out::println);

// Result
// ↓
//-- forEachRemaining --
//java-work
//aaa.txt

final var path = Path.of("aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // "aaa.txt"

final var it = path.iterator();

System.out.println("-- forEachRemaining --");
it.forEachRemaining(System.out::println);

// Result
// ↓
//-- forEachRemaining --
//aaa.txt

final var path = Path.of("dir", "..", ".", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // "dir\..\.\aaa.txt"

final var it = path.iterator();

System.out.println("-- forEachRemaining --");
it.forEachRemaining(System.out::println);

// Result
// ↓
//-- forEachRemaining --
//dir
//..
//.
//aaa.txt

Path normalize ()

Returns a path that is this path with redundant name elements eliminated.

final var path1 = Path.of("dir1", "dir2", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path1); // "dir1\dir2\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path1.normalize()); // "dir1\dir2\aaa.txt"

final var path2 = Path.of("dir1", "dir2", "..", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path2); // "dir1\dir2\..\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path2.normalize()); // "dir1\aaa.txt"

final var path3 = Path.of("dir1", "dir2", "..", "..", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path3); // "dir1\dir2\..\..\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path3.normalize()); // "aaa.txt"

final var path4 = Path.of("dir1", "dir2", "..", "..", "..", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path4); // "dir1\dir2\..\..\..\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path4.normalize()); // "..\aaa.txt"

final var path5 = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path5); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path5.normalize()); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"

final var path6 = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "..", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path6); // "D:\java-work\..\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path6.normalize()); // "D:\aaa.txt"

final var path7 = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "..", "..", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path7); // "D:\java-work\..\..\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path7.normalize()); // "D:\aaa.txt"

static Path of (String first, String... more)

Returns a Path by converting a path string, or a sequence of strings that when joined form a path string.

final var path1 = Path.of("dir1", "dir2", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path1); // "dir1\dir2\aaa.txt"

final var path2 = Path.of("D:");
System.out.println(path2); // "D:"

final var path3 = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path3); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"

final var path4 = Path.of("aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path4); // "aaa.txt"

final var path5 = Path.of("dir", "..", ".", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path5); // "dir\..\.\aaa.txt"

static Path of (URI uri)

Returns a Path by converting a URI.

final var uri = URI.create("file:///D:/java-work/aaa.txt");
System.out.println(uri); // "file:///D:/java-work/aaa.txt"

final var path = Path.of(uri);
System.out.println(path); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"

final var uri = URI.create("http://example.com");
System.out.println(uri); // "http://example.com"

try {
    final var path = Path.of(uri);
} catch (FileSystemNotFoundException e) {
    System.out.println(e);
}

// Result
// ↓
//java.nio.file.FileSystemNotFoundException: Provider "http" not installed

default WatchKey register (WatchService watcher, WatchEvent.Kind<?>... events)

Registers the file located by this path with a watch service.

try (final var executor = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor()) {

    final var targetDir = Path.of("D:", "java-work");
    System.out.println(targetDir); // "D:\java-work"

    final var targetFile = targetDir.resolve("aaa.txt");
    System.out.println(targetFile); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"
    System.out.println(Files.exists(targetFile)); // false

    executor.schedule(() -> {
        try {
            Files.createFile(targetFile);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("IOException!");
        }
    }, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

    try (final var watchService = FileSystems.getDefault().newWatchService()) {

        final var watchKey = targetDir.register(watchService, ENTRY_CREATE);

        // Wait until an event occurs.
        final var takeKey = watchService.take();
        System.out.println(watchKey.equals(takeKey)); // true

        final var contexts = takeKey.pollEvents().stream()
                .map(WatchEvent::context)
                .toList();
        System.out.println(contexts); // [aaa.txt]
        System.out.println(Files.exists(targetFile)); // true
    }
}

WatchKey register (WatchService watcher, WatchEvent.Kind<?>[] events, WatchEvent.Modifier... modifiers)

Registers the file located by this path with a watch service.

Please see :

• register(WatchService watcher, WatchEvent.Kind<?>... events)
• WatchEvent.Modifier

Path relativize (Path other)

Constructs a relative path between this path and a given path.

final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work");
System.out.println(path); // "D:\java-work"

final var ret1 = path.relativize(Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt"));
System.out.println(ret1); // "aaa.txt"

final var ret2 = path.relativize(Path.of("D:", "java-work", "dir", "bbb.txt"));
System.out.println(ret2); // "dir\bbb.txt"

final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"

final var ret1 = path.relativize(Path.of("D:", "java-work"));
System.out.println(ret1); // ".."

final var ret2 = path.relativize(Path.of("D:", "xxx", "ccc.txt"));
System.out.println(ret2); // "..\..\xxx\ccc.txt"

final var path = Path.of("dir1", "dir2");
System.out.println(path); // "dir1\dir2"

final var ret1 = path.relativize(Path.of("dir1"));
System.out.println(ret1); // ".."

final var ret2 = path.relativize(Path.of("dir1", "dir2"));
System.out.println(ret2); // ""

final var ret3 = Path.of("dir1", "dir2", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path.relativize(ret3)); // "aaa.txt"

final var ret4 = path.relativize(Path.of("..", "dir1", "dir2", "aaa.txt"));
System.out.println(ret4); // "..\..\..\dir1\dir2\aaa.txt"

default Path resolve (String other)

Converts a given path string to a Path and resolves it against this Path in exactly the manner specified by the resolve method.

final var path = Path.of("dir1");
System.out.println(path); // "dir1"
System.out.println(path.resolve("dir2")); // "dir1\dir2"
System.out.println(path.resolve("dir2").resolve("aaa.txt")); // "dir1\dir2\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path.resolve("..")); // "dir1\.."
System.out.println(path.resolve("")); // "dir1"

Path resolve (Path other)

Resolve the given path against this path.

final var path = Path.of("dir1");
System.out.println(path); // "dir1"
System.out.println(path.resolve(Path.of("aaa.txt"))); // "dir1\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path.resolve(Path.of("dir2", "dir3"))); // "dir1\dir2\dir3"
System.out.println(path.resolve(Path.of(".."))); // "dir1\.."
System.out.println(path.resolve(Path.of(""))); // "dir1"

final var absolutePath = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(absolutePath); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path.resolve(absolutePath)); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"

default Path resolveSibling (String other)

Converts a given path string to a Path and resolves it against this path's parent path in exactly the manner specified by the resolveSibling method.

final var path = Path.of("dir1", "dir2", "foo");
System.out.println(path); // "dir1\dir2\foo"
System.out.println(path.resolveSibling("bar")); // "dir1\dir2\bar"
System.out.println(path.resolveSibling("..")); // "dir1\dir2\.."
System.out.println(path.resolveSibling("")); // "dir1\dir2"

default Path resolveSibling (Path other)

Resolves the given path against this path's parent path.

final var path = Path.of("dir1", "dir2", "foo");
System.out.println(path); // "dir1\dir2\foo"
System.out.println(path.resolveSibling(Path.of("bar"))); // "dir1\dir2\bar"
System.out.println(path.resolveSibling(Path.of("aaa", "bbb"))); // "dir1\dir2\aaa\bbb"
System.out.println(path.resolveSibling(Path.of("..", "bbb"))); // "dir1\dir2\..\bbb"
System.out.println(path.resolveSibling(Path.of(""))); // "dir1\dir2"

final var absolutePath = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(absolutePath); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path.resolveSibling(absolutePath)); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"

default boolean startsWith (String other)

Tests if this path starts with a Path, constructed by converting the given path string, in exactly the manner specified by the startsWith(Path) method.

final var path = Path.of("foo", "bar");
System.out.println(path); // "foo\bar"

System.out.println(path.startsWith("f")); // false
System.out.println(path.startsWith("fo")); // false
System.out.println(path.startsWith("foo")); // true
System.out.println(path.startsWith("foo\\")); // true
System.out.println(path.startsWith("foo\\b")); // false
System.out.println(path.startsWith("foo\\ba")); // false
System.out.println(path.startsWith("foo\\bar")); // true
System.out.println(path.startsWith("foo\\barZ")); // false

boolean startsWith (Path other)

Tests if this path starts with the given path.

final var path = Path.of("foo", "bar");
System.out.println(path); // "foo\bar"

System.out.println(path.startsWith(Path.of("f"))); // false
System.out.println(path.startsWith(Path.of("fo"))); // false
System.out.println(path.startsWith(Path.of("foo"))); // true
System.out.println(path.startsWith(Path.of("foo", "b"))); // false
System.out.println(path.startsWith(Path.of("foo", "ba"))); // false
System.out.println(path.startsWith(Path.of("foo", "bar"))); // true
System.out.println(path.startsWith(Path.of("foo", "bar", "Z"))); // false

Path subpath (int beginIndex, int endIndex)

Returns a relative Path that is a subsequence of the name elements of this path.

final var path1 = Path.of("dir1", "dir2", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path1); // "dir1\dir2\aaa.txt"

//path1.subpath(0, 0); // IllegalArgumentException
System.out.println(path1.subpath(0, 1)); // "dir1"
System.out.println(path1.subpath(0, 2)); // "dir1\dir2"
System.out.println(path1.subpath(0, 3)); // "dir1\dir2\aaa.txt"
//path1.subpath(0, 4); // IllegalArgumentException
//path1.subpath(1, 1); // IllegalArgumentException
System.out.println(path1.subpath(1, 2)); // "dir2"
System.out.println(path1.subpath(1, 3)); // "dir2\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path1.subpath(2, 3)); // "aaa.txt"

final var path2 = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path2); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"

System.out.println(path2.subpath(0, 1)); // "java-work"
System.out.println(path2.subpath(0, 2)); // "java-work\aaa.txt"
//path2.subpath(0, 3); // IllegalArgumentException

Path toAbsolutePath ()

Returns a Path object representing the absolute path of this path.

final var userDir = System.getProperty("user.dir");
System.out.println(userDir); // "D:\java-work"

final var path1 = Path.of("aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path1); // "aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path1.toAbsolutePath()); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"

final var path2 = Path.of("..", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path2); // "..\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path2.toAbsolutePath()); // "D:\java-work\..\aaa.txt"

final var path3 = Path.of("D:", "xxx", "bbb.txt");
System.out.println(path3); // "D:\xxx\bbb.txt"
System.out.println(path3.toAbsolutePath()); // "D:\xxx\bbb.txt"

default File toFile ()

Returns a File object representing this path.

final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"

final var file = path.toFile();
System.out.println(file); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"

System.out.println(file.createNewFile()); // true

Path toRealPath (LinkOption... options)

Returns the real path of an existing file.

final var userDir = System.getProperty("user.dir");
System.out.println(userDir); // "D:\java-work"

final var path = Path.of("aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path); // "aaa.txt"
System.out.println(Files.exists(path)); // false

try {
    path.toRealPath();
} catch (NoSuchFileException e) {
    System.out.println("NoSuchFileException!");
}

// Result
// ↓
//NoSuchFileException!

Files.createFile(path);
System.out.println(Files.exists(path)); // true

final var ret = path.toRealPath();
System.out.println(ret); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"

final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
Files.createFile(path);

final var link = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "link.txt");
Files.createSymbolicLink(link, path);

// --- PowerShell ---
//PS D:\java-work> ls
// ...
//Mode                 LastWriteTime         Length Name
//----                 -------------         ------ ----
//-a---          xxxx/xx/xx    xx:xx              0 aaa.txt
//la---          xxxx/xx/xx    xx:xx              0 link.txt -> D:\java-work\aaa.txt

System.out.println(path); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path.toRealPath()); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path.toRealPath(LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS)); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"

System.out.println(link); // "D:\java-work\link.txt"
System.out.println(link.toRealPath()); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(link.toRealPath(LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS)); // "D:\java-work\link.txt"

// Filename comparisons are case-insensitive on Windows.
final var path = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
Files.createFile(path);

final var path2 = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "AAA.TXT");
System.out.println(path2); // "D:\java-work\AAA.TXT"
System.out.println(path2.toRealPath()); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"

String toString ()

Returns the string representation of this path.

final var path1 = Path.of("dir1", "dir2", "aaa.txt");
final var str1 = path1.toString();
System.out.println(str1); // "dir1\dir2\aaa.txt"

final var path2 = Path.of("D:");
final var str2 = path2.toString();
System.out.println(str2); // "D:"

final var path3 = Path.of("D:", "java-work", "aaa.txt");
final var str3 = path3.toString();
System.out.println(str3); // "D:\java-work\aaa.txt"

final var path4 = Path.of("aaa.txt");
final var str4 = path4.toString();
System.out.println(str4); // "aaa.txt"

URI toUri ()

Returns a URI to represent this path.

final var userDir = System.getProperty("user.dir");
System.out.println(userDir); // "D:\java-work"

final var path1 = Path.of("aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path1); // "aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path1.toUri()); // "file:///D:/java-work/aaa.txt"

final var path2 = Path.of("dir1", "dir2", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path2); // "dir1\dir2\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path2.toUri()); // "file:///D:/java-work/dir1/dir2/aaa.txt"

final var path3 = Path.of("D:");
System.out.println(path3); // "D:"
System.out.println(path3.toUri()); // "file:///D:/"

final var path4 = Path.of("D:", "xxx", "aaa.txt");
System.out.println(path4); // "D:\xxx\aaa.txt"
System.out.println(path4.toUri()); // "file:///D:/xxx/aaa.txt"

forEach, spliterator

Please see the link below.

• Iterable with Examples