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Java : ArrayList with Examples

Last Modified : February 10, 2024 Published : June 6, 2022

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) API Examples.
You will find code examples on most ArrayList methods.


Summary

Resizable-array implementation of the List interface. Implements all optional list operations, and permits all elements, including null. In addition to implementing the List interface, this class provides methods to manipulate the size of the array that is used internally to store the list.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18)

Class diagram

final var list = new ArrayList<String>();
System.out.println(list); // []

list.add("aaa");
list.add("bbb");
list.add("ccc");
System.out.println(list); // [aaa, bbb, ccc]

System.out.println(list.get(0)); // aaa
System.out.println(list.get(1)); // bbb
System.out.println(list.get(2)); // ccc

Fields declared in AbstractList

modCount

Please see the link below.

Constructors

ArrayList ()

Constructs an empty list with an initial capacity of ten.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var list = new ArrayList<String>();
System.out.println(list); // []

list.add("aaa");
list.add("bbb");
list.add("ccc");
System.out.println(list); // [aaa, bbb, ccc]

ArrayList (int initialCapacity)

Constructs an empty list with the specified initial capacity.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var list = new ArrayList<Integer>(10000000);
System.out.println(list); // []

final var startTime = System.nanoTime();

for (int i = 0; i < 10000000; i++) {
    list.add(i);
}

final var endTime = System.nanoTime();

// 0.264734 sec.
System.out.printf("%f sec.%n", (endTime - startTime) / 1000000000.0);

final var list = new ArrayList<Integer>(1);
System.out.println(list); // []

final var startTime = System.nanoTime();

for (int i = 0; i < 10000000; i++) {
    list.add(i);
}

final var endTime = System.nanoTime();

// 0.441354 sec.
System.out.printf("%f sec.%n", (endTime - startTime) / 1000000000.0);

ArrayList (Collection<? extends E> c)

Constructs a list containing the elements of the specified collection, in the order they are returned by the collection's iterator.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var c = List.of("aaa", "bbb", "ccc");
System.out.println(c); // [aaa, bbb, ccc]

final var list = new ArrayList<>(c);
System.out.println(list); // [aaa, bbb, ccc]

Methods

void add (int index, E element)

Inserts the specified element at the specified position in this list.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var src = List.of("a", "b", "c");
System.out.println(src); // [a, b, c]

{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

    list.add(0, "A");
    System.out.println(list); // [A, a, b, c]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

    list.add(1, "B");
    System.out.println(list); // [a, B, b, c]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

    list.add(2, "C");
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, C, c]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

    list.add(3, "D");
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c, D]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

    //list.add(4, "D"); // IndexOutOfBoundsException
}

boolean add (E e)

Appends the specified element to the end of this list.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var list = new ArrayList<String>();
System.out.println(list); // []

System.out.println(list.add("a")); // true
System.out.println(list); // [a]

System.out.println(list.add("b")); // true
System.out.println(list); // [a, b]

System.out.println(list.add("c")); // true
System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

boolean addAll (int index, Collection<? extends E> c)

Inserts all of the elements in the specified collection into this list, starting at the specified position.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var src = List.of("a", "b", "c");
System.out.println(src); // [a, b, c]

{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

    System.out.println(list.addAll(0, List.of("A1", "A2"))); // true
    System.out.println(list); // [A1, A2, a, b, c]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

    System.out.println(list.addAll(1, List.of("B1", "B2", "B3"))); // true
    System.out.println(list); // [a, B1, B2, B3, b, c]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

    System.out.println(list.addAll(2, List.of("C1", "C2", "C3", "C4"))); // true
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, C1, C2, C3, C4, c]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

    System.out.println(list.addAll(3, List.of())); // false
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

    //list.addAll(4, List.of("E")); // IndexOutOfBoundsException
}

final var src = List.of("a", "b", "c");
System.out.println(src);// [a, b, c]

final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);

System.out.println(list.addAll(3, Set.of("D1", "D2", "D3"))); // true
System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c, D3, D2, D1]

boolean addAll (Collection<? extends E> c)

Appends all of the elements in the specified collection to the end of this list, in the order that they are returned by the specified collection's Iterator.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var list = new ArrayList<String>();

System.out.println(list.addAll(List.of("a1"))); // true
System.out.println(list); // [a1]

System.out.println(list.addAll(List.of("b1", "b2"))); // true
System.out.println(list); // [a1, b1, b2]

System.out.println(list.addAll(List.of("c1", "c2", "c3"))); // true
System.out.println(list); // [a1, b1, b2, c1, c2, c3]

System.out.println(list.addAll(List.of())); // false
System.out.println(list); // [a1, b1, b2, c1, c2, c3]

final var list = new ArrayList<String>();
System.out.println(list); // []

System.out.println(list.addAll(Set.of("c1", "c2", "c3"))); // true
System.out.println(list); // [c3, c2, c1]

void clear ()

Removes all of the elements from this list.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var list = new ArrayList<String>();
list.add("a");
list.add("b");
list.add("c");

System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

list.clear();
System.out.println(list); // []

Object clone ()

Returns a shallow copy of this ArrayList instance.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var list = new ArrayList<String>();
list.add("a");
list.add("b");
list.add("c");

System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

final var cloned = list.clone();
System.out.println(cloned); // [a, b, c]
System.out.println(cloned.getClass()); // class java.util.ArrayList

boolean contains (Object o)

Returns true if this list contains the specified element.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var list = new ArrayList<String>();
Collections.addAll(list, "a", "b", "c");
System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

System.out.println(list.contains("")); // false
System.out.println(list.contains("a")); // true
System.out.println(list.contains("b")); // true
System.out.println(list.contains("c")); // true

System.out.println(list.contains("abc")); // false

void ensureCapacity (int minCapacity)

Increases the capacity of this ArrayList instance, if necessary, to ensure that it can hold at least the number of elements specified by the minimum capacity argument.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
list.ensureCapacity(10000000);
System.out.println(list); // []

final var startTime = System.nanoTime();

for (int i = 0; i < 10000000; i++) {
    list.add(i);
}

final var endTime = System.nanoTime();

// 0.225705 sec.
System.out.printf("%f sec.%n", (endTime - startTime) / 1000000000.0);

final var list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
System.out.println(list); // []

final var startTime = System.nanoTime();

for (int i = 0; i < 10000000; i++) {
    list.add(i);
}

final var endTime = System.nanoTime();

// 0.413182 sec.
System.out.printf("%f sec.%n", (endTime - startTime) / 1000000000.0);

boolean equals (Object o)

Compares the specified object with this list for equality.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var list = new ArrayList<String>();
Collections.addAll(list, "a", "b", "c");
System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

System.out.println(list.equals(List.of("a"))); // false
System.out.println(list.equals(List.of("a", "b"))); // false
System.out.println(list.equals(List.of("a", "b", "c"))); // true
System.out.println(list.equals(List.of("c", "b", "a"))); // false

final var list = new ArrayList<String>();
Collections.addAll(list, "a", "b", "c");
System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

final var arrayList = new ArrayList<>(list);
System.out.println(arrayList); // [a, b, c]
System.out.println(list.equals(arrayList)); // true

final var linkedList = new LinkedList<>(list);
System.out.println(linkedList); // [a, b, c]
System.out.println(list.equals(linkedList)); // true

final var list = new ArrayList<String>();
Collections.addAll(list, "a", "b", "c");
System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

final var set = new LinkedHashSet<>();
set.add("a");
set.add("b");
set.add("c");

System.out.println(set); // [a, b, c]
System.out.println(list.equals(set)); // false

void forEach (Consumer<? super E> action)

Performs the given action for each element of the Iterable until all elements have been processed or the action throws an exception.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var list = new ArrayList<String>();
Collections.addAll(list, "aaa", "bbb", "ccc");
System.out.println(list); // [aaa, bbb, ccc]

System.out.println("-- forEach --");
list.forEach(element -> {
    System.out.println(element);
});

// Result
// ↓
//-- forEach --
//aaa
//bbb
//ccc

E get (int index)

Returns the element at the specified position in this list.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var list = new ArrayList<String>();
Collections.addAll(list, "a", "b", "c");
System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

//list.get(-1); // IndexOutOfBoundsException
System.out.println(list.get(0)); // a
System.out.println(list.get(1)); // b
System.out.println(list.get(2)); // c
//list.get(3); // IndexOutOfBoundsException

final var list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
Collections.addAll(list, 10, 20, 30, 40);
System.out.println(list); // [10, 20, 30, 40]

System.out.println(list.get(0)); // 10
System.out.println(list.get(1)); // 20
System.out.println(list.get(2)); // 30
System.out.println(list.get(3)); // 40

int hashCode ()

Returns the hash code value for this list.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var list1 = new ArrayList<String>();
Collections.addAll(list1, "a", "b", "c");
System.out.println(list1.hashCode()); // 126145

final var list2 = new ArrayList<String>();
Collections.addAll(list2, "A", "B", "C");
System.out.println(list2.hashCode()); // 94369

final var list3 = new ArrayList<Integer>();
Collections.addAll(list3, 1, 2, 3);
System.out.println(list3.hashCode()); // 30817

int indexOf (Object o)

Returns the index of the first occurrence of the specified element in this list, or -1 if this list does not contain the element.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var list = new ArrayList<String>();
Collections.addAll(list, "a", "b", "c", "a", "b", "c");
System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c, a, b, c]

System.out.println(list.indexOf("")); // -1
System.out.println(list.indexOf("a")); // 0
System.out.println(list.indexOf("b")); // 1
System.out.println(list.indexOf("c")); // 2
System.out.println(list.indexOf("d")); // -1
System.out.println(list.indexOf("abc")); // -1

boolean isEmpty ()

Returns true if this list contains no elements.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var list = new ArrayList<String>();
list.add("a");
list.add("b");
list.add("c");

System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]
System.out.println(list.isEmpty()); // false

list.clear();
System.out.println(list); // []
System.out.println(list.isEmpty()); // true

Iterator<E> iterator ()

Returns an iterator over the elements in this list in proper sequence.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var list = new ArrayList<String>();
Collections.addAll(list, "aaa", "bbb", "ccc");
System.out.println(list); // [aaa, bbb, ccc]

final var iterator = list.iterator();
iterator.forEachRemaining(System.out::println);

// Result
// ↓
//aaa
//bbb
//ccc

int lastIndexOf (Object o)

Returns the index of the last occurrence of the specified element in this list, or -1 if this list does not contain the element.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var list = new ArrayList<String>();
Collections.addAll(list, "a", "b", "c", "a", "b", "c");
System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c, a, b, c]

System.out.println(list.lastIndexOf("")); // -1
System.out.println(list.lastIndexOf("a")); // 3
System.out.println(list.lastIndexOf("b")); // 4
System.out.println(list.lastIndexOf("c")); // 5
System.out.println(list.lastIndexOf("d")); // -1
System.out.println(list.lastIndexOf("abc")); // -1

ListIterator<E> listIterator ()

Returns a list iterator over the elements in this list (in proper sequence).

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var list = new ArrayList<String>();
Collections.addAll(list, "aaa", "bbb", "ccc");
System.out.println(list); // [aaa, bbb, ccc]

final var listIterator = list.listIterator();
listIterator.forEachRemaining(System.out::println);

// Result
// ↓
//aaa
//bbb
//ccc

ListIterator<E> listIterator (int index)

Returns a list iterator over the elements in this list (in proper sequence), starting at the specified position in the list.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var list = new ArrayList<String>();
Collections.addAll(list, "aaa", "bbb", "ccc");
System.out.println(list); // [aaa, bbb, ccc]

{
    final var ret = list.listIterator(0);
    ret.forEachRemaining(System.out::println);

    // Result
    // ↓
    //aaa
    //bbb
    //ccc
}
{
    final var ret = list.listIterator(1);
    ret.forEachRemaining(System.out::println);

    // Result
    // ↓
    //bbb
    //ccc
}
{
    final var ret = list.listIterator(2);
    ret.forEachRemaining(System.out::println);

    // Result
    // ↓
    //ccc
}

E remove (int index)

Removes the element at the specified position in this list.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var src = List.of("a", "b", "c");
System.out.println(src); // [a, b, c]

{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

    System.out.println(list.remove(0)); // a
    System.out.println(list); // [b, c]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

    System.out.println(list.remove(1)); // b
    System.out.println(list); // [a, c]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

    System.out.println(list.remove(2)); // c
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

    //list.remove(3); // IndexOutOfBoundsException
}

boolean remove (Object o)

Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this list, if it is present.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var src = List.of("a", "b", "a", "b", "A", "B");
System.out.println(src); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]

{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]

    System.out.println(list.remove("")); // false
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]

    System.out.println(list.remove("a")); // true
    System.out.println(list); // [b, a, b, A, B]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]

    System.out.println(list.remove("b")); // true
    System.out.println(list); // [a, a, b, A, B]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]

    System.out.println(list.remove("A")); // true
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, B]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]

    System.out.println(list.remove("B")); // true
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, A]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]

    System.out.println(list.remove("C")); // false
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]
}

boolean removeAll (Collection<?> c)

Removes from this list all of its elements that are contained in the specified collection.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var src = List.of("a", "b", "a", "b", "A", "B");
System.out.println(src); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]

{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]

    System.out.println(list.removeAll(List.of())); // false
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]

    System.out.println(list.removeAll(List.of("a"))); // true
    System.out.println(list); // [b, b, A, B]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]

    System.out.println(list.removeAll(List.of("a", "b"))); // true
    System.out.println(list); // [A, B]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]

    System.out.println(list.removeAll(List.of("b", "a"))); // true
    System.out.println(list); // [A, B]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]

    System.out.println(list.removeAll(List.of("A"))); // true
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, B]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]

    System.out.println(list.removeAll(List.of("X", "Y", "Z"))); // false
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]

    System.out.println(list.removeAll(List.of("A", "X", "Y", "Z"))); // true
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, B]
}

boolean removeIf (Predicate<? super E> filter)

Removes all of the elements of this collection that satisfy the given predicate.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var list = new ArrayList<String>();
list.add("aaa");
list.add("BBB");
list.add("ccc");
list.add("DDD");

System.out.println(list); // [aaa, BBB, ccc, DDD]

final var ret = list.removeIf(s -> {
    return s.equals(s.toUpperCase());
});

System.out.println(ret); // true
System.out.println(list); // [aaa, ccc]

final var list = new ArrayList<String>();
list.add("aaa");
list.add("bbb");

System.out.println(list); // [aaa, bbb]

final var ret = list.removeIf(s -> s.equals(s.toUpperCase()));

System.out.println(ret); // false
System.out.println(list); // [aaa, bbb]

protected void removeRange (int fromIndex, int toIndex)

Removes from this list all of the elements whose index is between fromIndex, inclusive, and toIndex, exclusive.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
class MyList extends ArrayList<String> {

    MyList(Collection<String> c) {
        super(c);
    }

    @Override
    public void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
        super.removeRange(fromIndex, toIndex);
    }
}

final var src = List.of("a", "b", "c");
System.out.println(src); // [a, b, c]

{
    final var list = new MyList(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

    list.removeRange(0, 1);
    System.out.println(list); // [b, c]
}
{
    final var list = new MyList(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

    list.removeRange(0, 2);
    System.out.println(list); // [c]
}
{
    final var list = new MyList(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

    list.removeRange(0, 3);
    System.out.println(list); // []
}

{
    final var list = new MyList(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

    list.removeRange(1, 3);
    System.out.println(list); // [a]
}
{
    final var list = new MyList(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

    list.removeRange(2, 3);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b]
}
{
    final var list = new MyList(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

    list.removeRange(3, 3);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]
}

boolean retainAll (Collection<?> c)

Retains only the elements in this list that are contained in the specified collection.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var src = List.of("a", "b", "a", "b", "A", "B");
System.out.println(src); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]

{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]

    System.out.println(list.retainAll(List.of())); // true
    System.out.println(list); // []
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]

    System.out.println(list.retainAll(List.of("a", "b"))); // true
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]

    System.out.println(list.retainAll(List.of("b", "a"))); // true
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]

    System.out.println(list.retainAll(List.of("A"))); // true
    System.out.println(list); // [A]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]

    System.out.println(list.retainAll(List.of("X", "Y", "Z"))); // true
    System.out.println(list); // []
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]

    System.out.println(list.retainAll(List.of("A", "X", "Y", "Z"))); // true
    System.out.println(list); // [A]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]

    System.out.println(list.retainAll(List.of("a", "b", "A", "B"))); // false
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, a, b, A, B]
}

E set (int index, E element)

Replaces the element at the specified position in this list with the specified element.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var src = List.of("a", "b", "c");
System.out.println(src); // [a, b, c]

{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

    System.out.println(list.set(0, "A")); // a
    System.out.println(list); // [A, b, c]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

    System.out.println(list.set(1, "B")); // b
    System.out.println(list); // [a, B, c]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

    System.out.println(list.set(2, "C")); // c
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, C]
}
{
    final var list = new ArrayList<>(src);
    System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

    //list.set(3, "D"); // IndexOutOfBoundsException
}

int size ()

Returns the number of elements in this list.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var list = new ArrayList<String>();
System.out.println(list); // []
System.out.println(list.size()); // 0

list.add("a");

System.out.println(list); // [a]
System.out.println(list.size()); // 1

list.add("b");
list.add("c");
list.add("d");

System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c, d]
System.out.println(list.size()); // 4

Spliterator<E> spliterator ()

Creates a late-binding and fail-fast Spliterator over the elements in this list.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var list = new ArrayList<String>();
Collections.addAll(list, "aaa", "bbb", "ccc");
System.out.println(list); // [aaa, bbb, ccc]

final var spliterator = list.spliterator();
spliterator.forEachRemaining(System.out::println);

// Result
// ↓
//aaa
//bbb
//ccc

List<E> subList (int fromIndex, int toIndex)

Returns a view of the portion of this list between the specified fromIndex, inclusive, and toIndex, exclusive.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var list = new ArrayList<String>();
list.add("a");
list.add("b");
list.add("c");
list.add("d");

System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c, d]

System.out.println(list.subList(0, 0)); // []
System.out.println(list.subList(0, 1)); // [a]
System.out.println(list.subList(0, 2)); // [a, b]
System.out.println(list.subList(0, 3)); // [a, b, c]
System.out.println(list.subList(0, 4)); // [a, b, c, d]
//list.subList(0, 5); // IndexOutOfBoundsException

final var subList = list.subList(1, 3);
System.out.println(subList); // [b, c]
System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c, d]

subList.set(0, "X");
System.out.println(subList); // [X, c]
System.out.println(list); // [a, X, c, d]

subList.add("Y");
System.out.println(subList); // [X, c, Y]
System.out.println(list); // [a, X, c, Y, d]

subList.remove("c");
System.out.println(subList); // [X, Y]
System.out.println(list); // [a, X, Y, d]

Object[] toArray ()

Returns an array containing all of the elements in this list in proper sequence (from first to last element).

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var list = new ArrayList<String>();
Collections.addAll(list, "a", "b", "c");
System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

final Object[] array = list.toArray();
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array)); // [a, b, c]

<T> T[] toArray (T[] a)

Returns an array containing all of the elements in this list in proper sequence (from first to last element); the runtime type of the returned array is that of the specified array.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var list = new ArrayList<String>();
Collections.addAll(list, "a", "b", "c");
System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

final String[] array = list.toArray(new String[0]);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array)); // [a, b, c]

final var list = new ArrayList<String>();
Collections.addAll(list, "a", "b", "c");
System.out.println(list); // [a, b, c]

{
    final String[] array = new String[3];
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array)); // [null, null, null]

    final var ret = list.toArray(array);
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array)); // [a, b, c]
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(ret)); // [a, b, c]
}
{
    final String[] array = new String[5];
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array)); // [null, null, null, null, null]

    final var ret = list.toArray(array);
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array)); // [a, b, c, null, null]
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(ret)); // [a, b, c, null, null]
}
{
    final String[] array = new String[1];
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array)); // [null]

    final var ret = list.toArray(array);
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array)); // [null]
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(ret)); // [a, b, c]
}

void trimToSize ()

Trims the capacity of this ArrayList instance to be the list's current size.

ArrayList (Java SE 18 & JDK 18) 
final var list = new ArrayList<String>(10000000);
Collections.addAll(list, "aaa", "bbb", "ccc");
System.out.println(list); // [aaa, bbb, ccc]

final var runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();

runtime.gc();

final var before = runtime.totalMemory() - runtime.freeMemory();
System.out.println(before); // 45640832

list.trimToSize();

runtime.gc();

final var after = runtime.totalMemory() - runtime.freeMemory();
System.out.println(after); // 4742320

final var diff = before - after;
System.out.println(diff); // 40898512

Methods declared in AbstractList

equals, hashCode

Please see the link below.

Methods declared in AbstractCollection

containsAll, toString

Please see the link below.

Methods declared in Collection

parallelStream, stream, toArray

Please see the link below.

Methods declared in List

containsAll, replaceAll, sort

Please see the link below.


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