Java : HttpResponse (HTTP通信) - API使用例
HttpResponse (Java SE 21 & JDK 21) の使用例まとめです。
だいたいのメソッドを網羅済みです。
API仕様書のおともにどうぞ。
概要
HttpResponse は HTTP通信の要求(HttpRequest) の結果を表すクラスです。
- ステータスコード(成功:200、ページが見つからない:404、などなど)
- 本文(body)
といった属性を持ちます。
補足
- このページのAPI使用例では、JDK の簡易ウェブサーバ(jwebserver) や Apache HTTP Server を使うことがあります。
final var uri = URI.create("http://127.0.0.1:8000/");
System.out.println(uri); // http://127.0.0.1:8000/
final var request = HttpRequest.newBuilder(uri).build();
System.out.println(request); // http://127.0.0.1:8000/ GET
try (final var client = HttpClient.newHttpClient()) {
final var response = client.send(
request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
System.out.println(response); // (GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/) 200
System.out.println(response.body()); // abcd
}
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS R:\java-work> cat .\index.html
//abcd
//
//PS R:\java-work> jwebserver.exe -o verbose
//Binding to loopback by default. For all interfaces use "-b 0.0.0.0" or "-b ::".
//Serving R:\java-work and subdirectories on 127.0.0.1 port 8000
//URL http://127.0.0.1:8000/
//127.0.0.1 - - [04/Apr/2024:15:49:13 +0900] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
//Resource requested: R:\java-work
//> Connection: Upgrade, HTTP2-Settings
//> Http2-settings: AAEAAEAAAAIAAAABAAMAAABkAAQBAAAAAAUAAEAA
//> Host: 127.0.0.1:8000
//> Upgrade: h2c
//> User-agent: Java-http-client/21.0.1
//>
//< Date: Thu, 04 Apr 2024 06:49:13 GMT
//< Last-modified: Thu, 4 Apr 2024 06:46:40 GMT
//< Content-type: text/html
//< Content-length: 4
//<
メソッド
T body ()
final var uri = URI.create("http://127.0.0.1:8000/");
final var request = HttpRequest.newBuilder(uri).build();
System.out.println(request); // http://127.0.0.1:8000/ GET
try (final var client = HttpClient.newHttpClient()) {
final var handler = HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString();
final var response = client.send(request, handler);
System.out.println(response); // (GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/) 200
System.out.println(response.body()); // abcd
}
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS R:\java-work> cat .\index.html
//abcd
//
//PS R:\java-work> jwebserver.exe
//...
//127.0.0.1 - - [04/Apr/2024:15:51:15 +0900] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
final var uri = URI.create("http://127.0.0.1:8000/");
final var request = HttpRequest.newBuilder(uri).build();
System.out.println(request); // http://127.0.0.1:8000/ GET
try (final var client = HttpClient.newHttpClient()) {
final var handler = HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofByteArray();
final var response = client.send(request, handler);
System.out.println(response); // (GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/) 200
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(response.body())); // [97, 98, 99, 100]
}
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS R:\java-work> cat .\index.html
//abcd
//
//PS R:\java-work> jwebserver.exe
//...
//127.0.0.1 - - [04/Apr/2024:15:51:15 +0900] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
HttpHeaders headers ()
final var uri = URI.create("http://127.0.0.1:8000/");
final var request = HttpRequest.newBuilder(uri).build();
System.out.println(request); // http://127.0.0.1:8000/ GET
try (final var client = HttpClient.newHttpClient()) {
final var response = client.send(
request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
System.out.println(response); // (GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/) 200
System.out.println("-- headers --");
for (final var header : response.headers().map().entrySet()) {
System.out.println(header.getKey() + " : " + header.getValue());
}
}
// 結果
// ↓
//-- headers --
//content-length : [4]
//content-type : [text/html]
//date : [Thu, 04 Apr 2024 06:52:27 GMT]
//last-modified : [Thu, 4 Apr 2024 06:46:40 GMT]
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS R:\java-work> cat .\index.html
//abcd
//
//PS R:\java-work> jwebserver.exe
//...
//127.0.0.1 - - [04/Apr/2024:15:52:27 +0900] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
Optional<HttpResponse<T>> previousResponse ()
リダイレクト用のテストサーバとして Apache HTTP Server を使っています。
http://192.168.1.9/redirect-test/src.html にアクセスすると https://example.com/ へリダイレクトします。
xxxx@xxxx:/var/www/html/redirect-test$ cat .htaccess
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^src.html$ https://example.com/ [L,R=301]
final var uri = URI.create("http://192.168.1.9/redirect-test/src.html");
final var request = HttpRequest.newBuilder(uri).build();
System.out.println(request); // http://192.168.1.9/redirect-test/src.html GET
try (final var client = HttpClient.newBuilder()
.followRedirects(HttpClient.Redirect.NORMAL)
.build()) {
final var response = client.send(
request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
System.out.println(response); // (GET https://example.com/) 200
// Optional[(GET http://192.168.1.9/redirect-test/src.html) 301]
System.out.println(response.previousResponse());
}
HttpRequest request ()
final var uri = URI.create("http://127.0.0.1:8000/");
final var request = HttpRequest.newBuilder(uri).build();
System.out.println(request); // http://127.0.0.1:8000/ GET
try (final var client = HttpClient.newHttpClient()) {
final var response = client.send(
request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
System.out.println(response); // (GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/) 200
final var ret = response.request();
System.out.println(ret); // http://127.0.0.1:8000/ GET
System.out.println(ret.equals(request)); // true
}
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS R:\java-work> jwebserver.exe
//...
//127.0.0.1 - - [04/Apr/2024:15:57:47 +0900] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
Optional<SSLSession> sslSession ()
final var uri = URI.create("https://example.com/");
final var request = HttpRequest.newBuilder(uri).build();
System.out.println(request); // https://example.com/ GET
try (final var client = HttpClient.newHttpClient()) {
final var response = client.send(
request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
System.out.println(response); // (GET https://example.com/) 200
response.sslSession().ifPresent(ssl -> {
System.out.println(ssl.getPeerHost()); // example.com
System.out.println(ssl.getProtocol()); // TLSv1.3
System.out.println(ssl.getCipherSuite()); // TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
});
}
int statusCode ()
final var uri = URI.create("http://127.0.0.1:8000/");
final var request = HttpRequest.newBuilder(uri).build();
System.out.println(request); // http://127.0.0.1:8000/ GET
try (final var client = HttpClient.newHttpClient()) {
final var response = client.send(
request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
System.out.println(response); // (GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/) 200
System.out.println(response.statusCode()); // 200
}
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS R:\java-work> jwebserver.exe
//...
//127.0.0.1 - - [04/Apr/2024:15:59:43 +0900] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
final var uri = URI.create("http://127.0.0.1:8000/");
final var request = HttpRequest.newBuilder(uri).DELETE().build();
System.out.println(request); // http://127.0.0.1:8000/ DELETE
try (final var client = HttpClient.newHttpClient()) {
final var response = client.send(
request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
System.out.println(response); // (DELETE http://127.0.0.1:8000/) 405
System.out.println(response.statusCode()); // 405
}
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS R:\java-work> jwebserver.exe
//...
//127.0.0.1 - - [04/Apr/2024:15:59:43 +0900] "DELETE / HTTP/1.1" 405 -
URI uri ()
final var uri = URI.create("http://127.0.0.1:8000/");
final var request = HttpRequest.newBuilder(uri).build();
System.out.println(request); // http://127.0.0.1:8000/ GET
try (final var client = HttpClient.newHttpClient()) {
final var response = client.send(
request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
System.out.println(response); // (GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/) 200
System.out.println(response.uri()); // http://127.0.0.1:8000/
}
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS R:\java-work> jwebserver.exe
//...
//127.0.0.1 - - [04/Apr/2024:16:00:32 +0900] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
HttpClient.Version version ()
final var uri = URI.create("http://127.0.0.1:8000/");
final var request = HttpRequest.newBuilder(uri).build();
System.out.println(request); // http://127.0.0.1:8000/ GET
try (final var client = HttpClient.newHttpClient()) {
System.out.println(client.version()); // HTTP_2
final var response = client.send(
request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
System.out.println(response); // (GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/) 200
System.out.println(response.version()); // HTTP_1_1
}
// --- PowerShell ---
//PS R:\java-work> jwebserver.exe
//...
//127.0.0.1 - - [04/Apr/2024:16:01:57 +0900] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
final var uri = URI.create("https://example.com/");
final var request = HttpRequest.newBuilder(uri).build();
System.out.println(request); // https://example.com/ GET
try (final var client = HttpClient.newHttpClient()) {
System.out.println(client.version()); // HTTP_2
final var response = client.send(
request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
System.out.println(response); // (GET https://example.com/) 200
System.out.println(response.version()); // HTTP_2
}